scriminating Judgment Required on his Career as a
Whole--Mohammedan Schools--Noble Characters the Exception--General
Corrupting Influence of the System--Its Conquests in Northern
Africa and in the Soudan--The Early Races of Northern Africa, and
the General Deterioration of the Country--The Piracies of the
Barbary States--Civilization in Modern Egypt Due to Foreigners--The
Bloody Ravages of El Mahdi in the East and the Fanatic Samadu in
the West--The Testimony of a Secular Newspaper
Correspondent--Professor Drummond and Henry M. Stanley on the Slave
Traffic and Mohammedan Civilization--The Alleged Missionary
Operations of Mohammedans in West Soudan--The Account Given of Them
by Bishop Crowther, Schweinfurth, and Others--Canon Taylor and the
Egyptian Pashas--The Effects of European Education--Palgrave on
Mohammedan Intolerance of To-day--Mohammedanism and Temperance;
Exaggerated Accounts of it; Proofs to the Contrary--R. Bosworth
Smith's Protest against Canon Taylor's Extravagant Glorification of
Islam--His Plea for Missions.

LECTURE VII.

THE TRACES OF A PRIMITIVE MONOTHEISM 222

Two Conflicting Theories on the History of Religion--That of the
Old and New Testaments--That of Modern Evolution--The Importance of
this Question--Professor Henry B. Smith's Estimate of Ebrard's
Discussion of it--Ebrard's Summing-up of the Argument--Professor
Naville's View of the Subject--Conclusions of Rev. W.A.P. Martin,
D.D., and Max Mueller--How far May we Attempt to Establish the Fact
of an Early Monotheism from Heathen Traditions?--Conceptions
Differing in Different Nations--Evidences of Monotheism in the
Vedas--Professor Banergea's Testimony--The Views Held by the Modern
Somajes--Monotheism in China--Monotheistic Worship in the Days of
Yao and Shun, 2300 B.C.--The Prayer of an Emperor of the Ming
Dynasty Quoted by Professor Legge--Remarkable Monument of
Monotheism in the Temple of Heaven--A Taouist Prayer--Zoroaster a
Monotheistic Reformer--The Inscription at Behistun--Testimony of
the Modern Parsee Catechism--No Nation without some Notion of a God
Supreme over All--Buddhists in Thibet--Egyptian Monotheism--The
Greek Poets--Old Monotheism in Mexico and Peru--Evidences of
Ramification and Decline in Polytheism--Egypt and India Give
Abundant Proofs--Hinduism, B