ng to six units, and shows
also that the behavior of the stream through its second quadrant is
precisely similar in kind to the first, only less in degree. Also the
impact takes place vertically in one case and horizontally in the other.
The total downward pressure given by the stream when turned 180 deg. is
found by experiment thus: Total impact and reaction from 180 deg. change in
direction of current = 132 units; and by deducting the impact 71 units, as
previously measured, the new reaction corresponds with an increase of 61
units above the first impact. It also shows an increase of 37.75 units
above the greatest resultant obtained by the same stream turned through 90
deg. only. Therefore, in designing a screw propeller or turbine, it would
seem from these experiments desirable to aim at changing the direction of
the stream, so far as possible, into one at 180 deg. to its original
course, and it is by carrying out this view, so far as the necessities of
construction will permit, that the scientifically designed modern turbine
has attained to that prominence which it holds at present over all
hydraulic motors. Much more might be written to extend and amplify the
conclusions that can be drawn from the experiments described in the present
paper, and from many others made by the writer, but the exigencies of time
and your patience alike preclude further consideration of this interesting
and important subject.

* * * * *

IMPROVED TEXTILE MACHINERY.

[Illustration: THE TEXTILE EXHIBITION, ISLINGTON.]

In the recent textile exhibition at Islington, one of the most extensive
exhibits was that, of Messrs. James Farmer and Sons, of Salford. The
exhibit consists of a Universal calender, drying machines, patent creasing,
measuring, and marking machines, and apparatus for bleaching, washing,
chloring, scouring, soaping, dunging, and dyeing woven fabrics. The purpose
of the Universal calender is, says the _Engineer_, to enable limited
quantities of goods to be finished in various ways without requiring
different machines. The machine consists of suitable framing, to which is
attached all the requisite stave rails, batching apparatus, compound
levers, top and bottom adjusting screws, and level setting down gear, also
Stanley roller with all its adjustments. It is furthermore supplied with
chasing arrangement and four bowls; the bottom one is of cast iron, with
wrought iron center; the next