simple
people and to animals, if they were designed in any way to reveal the
future.

In its struggle with Christianity, Paganism made its last stand in the
temples of Asklepios. The miraculous healing of the saints superseded
the cures of the heathen god, and it was wise to adopt the useful
practice of his temple.

(18) Mary Hamilton: Incubation, or the Cure of Disease in
Pagan Temples and Christian Churches, London, 1906.

(19) Freud: The Interpretation of Dreams, translation of
third edition by A. A. Brill, 1913.

(20) Aristotle: Parva Naturalia, De divinatione per
somnium, Ch. I, Oxford ed., Vol. III, 463 a.

HIPPOCRATES AND THE HIPPOCRATIC WRITINGS

DESERVEDLY the foundation of Greek Medicine is associated with the name
of Hippocrates, a native of the island of Cos; and yet he is a shadowy
personality, about whom we have little accurate first-hand information.
This is in strong contrast to some of his distinguished contemporaries
and successors, for example, Plato and Aristotle, about whom we have
such full and accurate knowledge. You will, perhaps, be surprised to
hear that the only contemporary mention of Hippocrates is made by Plato.
In the "Protagoras," the young Hippocrates, son of Apollodorus has
come to Protagoras, "that mighty wise man," to learn the science and
knowledge of human life. Socrates asked him: "If . . . you had thought
of going to Hippocrates of Cos, the Asclepiad, and were about to give
him your money, and some one had said to you, 'You are paying money to
your namesake Hippocrates, O Hippocrates; tell me, what is he that
you give him money?' how would you have answered?" "I should say," he
replied, "that I gave money to him as a physician." "And what will he
make of you?" "A physician," he said. And in the Phaedrus, in reply to
a question of Socrates whether the nature of the soul could be known
intelligently without knowing the nature of the whole, Phaedrus replies:
"Hippocrates, the Asclepiad, says that the nature, even of the body,
can only be understood as a whole." (Plato, I, 311; III, 270--Jowett, I,
131, 479.)

Several lives of Hippocrates have been written. The one most frequently
quoted is that of Soranus of Ephesus (not the famous physician of the
time of Trajan), and the statements which he gives are usually accepted,
viz., that he was born in the island of Cos in the year 460 B.C.; that
he belonged to an Asklepiad family of distincti