wer."--_Buchanan_, page 61.

[10] The reader is desired to bear in mind, that for the
purpose of making the subject more clear, I consider money
to be invariable in value, and therefore every variation
of price to be referable to an alteration in the value of
the commodity.

[11] The reader is aware, that we are leaving out of our
consideration the accidental variations arising from bad
and good seasons, or from the demand increasing or
diminishing by any sudden effect on the state of
population. We are speaking of the natural and constant,
not of the accidental and fluctuating price of corn.

[12] The 180 quarters of corn would be divided in the
following proportions between landlords, farmers, and
labourers, with the above-named variations in the value of
corn.

Price per qr. Rent. Profit. Wages. Total.
_L. s. d._ In Wheat. In Wheat. In Wheat.
4 0 0 None. 120 qrs. 60 qrs.}
4 4 8 10 qrs. 111.7 58.3 }
4 10 0 20 103.4 56.6 } 180
4 16 0 30 95 55 }
5 2 10 40 86.7 53.5 }

and, under the same circumstances, money rent, wages, and
profit, would be as follows:

Price per qr. Rent. Profit. Wages. Total.
_L. s. d._ _L. s. d._ _L. s. d._ _L. s. d._ _L. s. d._
4 0 0 None. 480 0 0 240 0 0 720 0 0
4 4 8 42 7 6 473 0 0 247 0 0 762 7 6
4 10 0 90 0 0 465 0 0 255 0 0 810 0 0
4 16 0 144 0 0 456 0 0 264 0 0 864 0 0
5 2 10 205 13 4 445 15 0 274 5 0 925 13 4

[13] See Adam Smith, book i. chap. 9.

[14] It will appear then, that a country possessing very
considerable advantages in machinery and skill, and which
may therefore be enabled to manufacture commodities with
much less labour than her neighbours, may in return for
such commodities, import a portion of the corn required
for its consumption, even if its land were more fertile,
and corn could be grown with less labour than in the
country from which it was imported. Two men can both make
shoes and hats, and one is superior to the other in both
employments; but in making hats, he can only exceed his
competitor by one-fifth or 20 per cent., and in making