acteristics--Short survey
of his books--Three eccentrics--Leon Cladel: _Les
Va-nu-pieds_, etc.--Barbey d'Aurevilly: his criticism of
novels--His novels themselves: _Les Diaboliques_ and
others--His merits--And defects--Especially as shown in
_L'Ensorcelee_--Champfleury--_Les Excentriques_.

CHAPTER XIII

NATURALISM--THE GONCOURTS, ZOLA, AND MAUPASSANT 459

The beginnings--"Les deux Goncourts"--Their work--The
novels--_Germinie Lacerteux_ and _Cherie_ taken as
specimens--The impression produced by them--The rottenness
of their theory--And the unattractiveness of their
style--Emile Zola to be treated differently--Some points in
his personality: literary and other--The Pillars of
Naturalism--"Document" and "detail" before
Naturalism--General stages traced--Some individual pioneers;
especially Hugo--Survey of books: the short stories--"Les
Rougon-Macquart"--"Les Trois Villes"--"Les Quatre
Evangiles"--General considerations--Especially in regard to
character--[Maupassant]--_Bel-Ami_--_Une Vie_--_Fort comme
la Mort_--_Pierre et Jean_--_Notre Coeur_--_Les Dimanches_,
etc.--_Yvette_--Short stories: the various
collections--Classes: stories of 1870-71--Norman
stories--Algerian and Sporting--Purely comic--Tragic--Tales
of Life's Irony--Oddments--General
considerations--Huysmans--Belot and others.

CHAPTER XIV

OTHER NOVELISTS OF 1870-1900 518

The last stage--Ferdinand Fabre--_L'Abbe Tigrane_--_Norine_,
etc.--_Le Marquis de Pierrerue_--_Mon Oncle
Celestin_--_Lucifer_--_Sylviane_ and
_Taillevent_--_Toussaint Galabru_--Andre
Theuriet--_Sauvageonne_--_Le Fils Maugars_--_Le Don Juan de
Vireloup_ and _Raymonde_--General characteristics--Georges
Ohnet--_Serge Panine_--_Le Maitre de Forges_--_Le Docteur
Rameau_--_La Grande Marniere_--Reflections--Edouard Rod--_La
Vie Privee de Michel Teissier_--_La Sacrifiee_--Note on _La
Seconde Vie de M. T._--_Le Silence_--_La-Haut_--_La Course a
la Mort_--_Le Menage du Pasteur Naudie_--_Mademoiselle
Annette_--_L'Eau Courante_--_Scenes de la Vie
Cosmopolite_--Catulle Mendes.

CONCLUSION 556

APPENDIX 571

INDEX 577

CHAPTER I

MADAME DE STAEL AND CHATEAUBRIAND

[Sidenote: Reasons for beginning with Mme. de Stael.]

It has often been though