ession on
May 23 expressed the earnest hope that his rebellious subjects would
"voluntarily return to their duty". Peace was only to be obtained by
obedience.

FOOTNOTES:

[99] P. O. Hutchinson, _Hutchinson's Diary and Letters_, i., 461.

[100] _Burke's Correspondence_, i., 272, 274, 276.

[101] _Hutchinson's Diary and Letters_, i., 459, 469.

[102] Cp. Stedman, _History of the American War_, i., 129, and Duncan,
_History Of the Royal Artillery_, i., 303.

[103] Burgoyne to Rochfort, Fonblanque, _Burgoyne_, p. 147.

[104] Gage to Dartmouth, June 25, 1775, _Dartmouth Papers_, ii., 320.

[105] Codman, _Arnold's Expedition to Quebec_, pp. 22-25, 141.

[106] Fonblanque, _Burgoyne_, p. 195; _Dartmouth Papers_, ii., 357.

[107] The King to North, July 28, 1775, _Correspondence with North_, i.,
256.

[108] On national feeling generally see _Annual Reg._, xix. (1776),
38-39; Burke to Champion, Jan. 10, 1775, and Rockingham to Burke, Sept.
24, _Burke's Works_, i., 259 _sq._, 291-92; Lecky, _History_, iii.,
528-34.

[109] Barrow, _Life of Anson_, pp. 214-16.

[110] Progress of the Navy, MS. Admiralty, Miscell., 567, R.O.

[111] George to North, April 13, 1776, _Corr. with North_, ii., 18.

CHAPTER IX.

SARATOGA.

On June 11, 1776, Howe sailed from Halifax with his army of 9,000 men,
and on July 3 occupied Staten Island without opposition. There he was
joined by the reinforcements from England, conveyed by Lord Howe, and by
Clinton and his troops, so that in August he had with him some 25,000
men, English and German. Washington's army at New York numbered about
19,000 effectives.[112] Mindful of his commission to restore
tranquillity, Lord Howe wrote to him enclosing a copy of the king's
offers. Washington would not receive the letter because the address did
not acknowledge his military rank, and observed that the powers of the
commissioners extended only to granting pardons, and that his people had
done nothing for which they needed pardon. The pacific mission of the
Howes having so far failed, the general on August 22-25 landed an army
on Long Island, which is separated from New York by the East river.
Brooklyn heights on Long Island, opposite New York, were strongly
fortified and held by the Americans. Washington, believing that a larger
British force was left in Staten Island than was really the case,
thought it necessary to keep a nume