nd new infection
take place. Experiments are being carried on in the laboratory to
determine the length of time which spores will live in solutions of
different strengths of fungicides.

It has been shown that a cut made pointed at the top and bottom heals
much faster than one rounded. The edges of the cut should be made with
care so as not to injure the cambium. The chips of diseased bark and
wood should not be allowed to fall on the ground then to be forgotten. A
bag fastened just below the canker will collect most of this material as
it is gouged out and prevent possible reinfection, which might take
place if the material were allowed to scatter down the bark. Canvas or
burlap spread around under a small orchard tree might be sufficient to
catch all of the diseased chips of bark and wood cut out of the lower
infections. This diseased material should be burned together with
blighted branches. After completely cutting out all of the diseased
parts the cut surfaces should be either sterilized or covered with a
waterproofing which combines a fungicide with a covering. Among these
might be mentioned coal tar and creosote, or a mixture of pine tar,
linseed oil, lamp black and creosote.

The trees which have been killed by blight, or nearly girdled, have been
overlooked. These should be cut off close to the ground, the stump
peeled and the bark and unused portions of the tree burned over the
stump. The merchantable parts of the trees should be removed from the
woods promptly, as all dead unbarked wood furnishes an excellent
breeding place for the blight fungus.

Third, what means in the future can be undertaken to keep a tree
healthy, that is, to prevent reinfection. The spores may be carried by
so many agents that it is difficult to prevent reinfection. However it
is clear that the farther infected products or trees are removed from
healthy trees the less liable they are to have spores carried to them.
Cooperation with nearby owners of diseased trees will help solve this
problem.

Spraying on a large scale has only been carried on, so far as I know, on
the estate of Pierre DuPont, Jr., at Kennett Square, Pennsylvania. At
this place there are many large chestnut trees ranging from sixty to
ninety feet in height, many of which were planted some sixty-five years
ago. Mr. R. E. Wheeler started the work of cutting out diseased limbs
and cankers in October 1911, and began spraying with Bordeaux mixture in
April 1912. The fo