ans of this work, the students pay more than one half of
their expenses. Of the sixty buildings, all but four were almost
wholly erected by students, even to the making of the bricks.[43]
Although the average Negro was greatly antagonistic regarding this
training at the beginning of the work at these institutes and many
protests were heard from all sides, Mr. Washington stated in _The
Negro Problem_ that it has been several years since they have received
a protest from parents against teaching industrial training.[44] The
graduates of Tuskegee have established more than fifteen similar
schools in the South.[45] Among those established are Voorhees
Industrial School, Robert Hungerford School, Snow Hill Normal and
Industrial Institute, Topeka Normal and Industrial Institute, Port
Royal Agricultural School, and Mt. Meigs Institute.

No one of the Negro institutions for higher learning has as yet become
a fully equipped university. No one of the institutions maintains a
graduate school. Howard University is the only one that has even
started graduate work.[46] The real influence of the college has been
to prepare men to be leaders in education, as may be witnessed by the
fact that out of the 5,000 Negro college graduates in the United
States 54 per cent are teaching, while 20 per cent are preaching.[47]
The following table shows the number of college graduates by
decades:[48]

==========+===============+==========+===============
Year | No. of Grads. | Year | No. of Grads.
----------+---------------+----------+---------------
1820-29 | 3 | 1870-79 | 313
1830-39 | -- | 1880-89 | 738
1840-49 | 7 | 1892-99 | 1,126
1850-59 | 12 | 1900-09 | 1,610
1860-69 | 44 | |
| +----------+---------------
| | Total | 3,856
----------+---------------+----------+---------------

The distribution of the college Negro is indicated in the
following:[49]

Districts No. of Graduates

New England States 16
So-Northern Atlantic States 42
No-Southern Atlantic States 92
So-Southern Atlantic States 276
E-Northern Central States 61
W-Northern Central States 47
E-Southern Central States 141
W-Southern Central S