ok_, 1915, p. 216.

[40] Du Bois, _Atlanta U. Pub._ No. 16, p. 129.

[41] DuBois, _Atlanta U. Pub._ _No._ 16, p. 128.

[42] Brawley, _The Negro Yearbook_, 1915, p. 147

[43] Washington, _The Negro Problem_, p. 20.

[44] _Ibid._, p. 22.

[45] Brawley, _History of the Negro_, p. 153.

[46] _Ibid._, p. 142.

[47] Brawley, _History of the Negro_, p. 145.

[48] Du Bois, _Atlanta U. Pub._ No. 15, p. 45.

[49] _Ibid._, p. 54.

[50] Du Bois, _Atlanta U. Pub._ No. 15, p. 46.

[51] _Ibid._, p. 28.

[52] _Ibid._, p. 57.

[53] Work, _The Negro Yearbook_, 1915, p. 229.

[54] Work, _The Negro Yearbook_, p. 235

[55] Washington, _Working with the Hands_, p. 72.

[56] Brawley, _History of the Negro_, p. 174.

[57] _Ibid._, p. 169.

[58] Du Bois, _Atlanta U. Pub._ No. 14, p. 18.

[59] Washington, _My Larger Education_, p. 310.

[60] _Ibid._, p. 139.

[61] Weatherford, _Negro Life in the South_, p. 87.

[62] Bailey, _Race Orthodoxy in the South_, p. 265.

[63] Hart, _The Southern South_, p. 319.

[64] _Ibid._, p. 326.

[65] _Ibid._, p. 327.

[66] Bailey, _Race Orthodoxy in the South_, p. 269.

[67] Hart, _The Southern South_, p. 327.

[68] Work, _Negro Yearbook_, 1915, p. 226.

[69] _Ibid._, p. 226.

[70] Hart, _The Southern South_, p. 294.

[71] _Ibid._, p. 292.

[72] Washington in the _Forum_, p. 270.

[73] _Review of Reviews_, p. 318.

[74] _Review of Reviews_, p. 319.

[75] _Ibid._, p. 319.

[76] Weatherford, _Negro Life in the South_, p. 110.

[77] Washington and Du Bois, _The Negro in the South_, p. 64.

[78] _Ibid._, p. 71.

[79] Washington, _Working with the Hands_, p. 239.

[80] Washington and Du Bois, _The Negro in the South_, p. 61.

THE NEGRO MIGRATION TO CANADA AFTER THE PASSING OF THE FUGITIVE SLAVE
ACT

When President Fillmore signed the Fugitive Slave Bill[1] on September
18, 1850, he started a Negro migration that continued up to the
opening of the Civil War, resulting in thousands of people of color
crossing over into Canada and causing many thousands more to move from
one State into another seeking safety from their pursuers. While the
free Negro population of the North increased by nearly 30,000 in the
decade after 1850, the gain was chiefly in three States, Ohio,
Michigan and Illinois. Connecticut had fewer free people of color in
1860 than in 1850 and there were half a dozen other States that barely
held their own during the period. The three States