breath while standing on tiptoe, and exhale while gradually resuming
the original position. In each case regulate the count as
in the preceding exercises.

_Exercise IV._ Stand erect, arms hanging loosely at the sides.
Inhale slowly, rising on the toes, clenching the fists with gradually
increased intensity, and raising them to the arm-pits. Expel
the breath suddenly, dropping back to the original position.

CHEST AND LUNGS.--Gymnastic exercises, such as develop the
chest and lungs, are of great importance, since they regulate the
breathing capacity.

_Exercise I._ Stand erect, arms hanging loosely at the sides.
Raise the arms slowly to the vertical position over the head, making
the hands meet with palms outward, the thumb of the left
hand over the right, rising on the toes at the same time; then let
the arms fall apart slowly to their original position, while coming
down on the heels.

_Exercise II._ Stand erect as in the preceding. Bring the
arms slowly forward until the hands meet on a level with the
mouth, bending forward slightly and rising on the toes; then
throw back the arms in a circular movement, allowing them to
fall to their original position, coming down on the heels at the
same time.

_Exercise III._ Raise the hands above the head; bring down
the elbows to the sides; shoot out the hands in front; bring in
the elbows to the sides; shoot down the hands toward the floor;
firing up the elbows to the sides. Repeat. This exercise may
be practised with hands clenched.

THROAT AND NECK.--Exercises of the throat and neck develop
and keep flexible the vocal cords, which are of prime importance
in producing pure tones.

_Exercise I._ Stand erect. Look at the ceiling; allow the head
to drop backward as far as possible; then bring the head slowly
forward until the chin rests on the chest. Repeat.

_Exercise II._ Stand erect. Twist the head slowly to the
left, without moving the shoulders, until the chin is parallel to the
left shoulder; then slowly twist the head to the right, without
moving the shoulders, until the chin is parallel to the right
shoulder. Repeat.

_Exercise III._ Press the head to the left until the left ear
rests almost on the left shoulder, raising the right arm above the
head at the same time. Practise this exercise, pressing the head
to the right and raising the left arm. Repeat.

MOUTH.--To produce the finest tones of the voice, three conditions
of the mouth are necessary: