rate (consumer prices):
21% per month (average 1993); 13% per month (December 1993)
Unemployment rate:
1.4% (1 January 1994; official data)
Budget:
revenues:
$NA
expenditures:
$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Exports:
$43 billion (f.o.b., 1993)
commodities:
petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, wood and wood products,
metals, chemicals, and a wide variety of civilian and military
manufactures
partners:
Europe, North America, Japan, Third World countries, Cuba
Imports:
$27 billion (f.o.b., 1993)
commodities:
machinery and equipment, chemicals, consumer goods, grain, meat,
sugar, semifinished metal products
partners:
Europe, North America, Japan, Third World countries, Cuba
External debt:
$81.5 billion (mid-year 1993 est.)
Industrial production:
growth rate -16% (1993 est.)
Electricity:
capacity:
213,000,000 KW
production:
956 billion kWh
consumption per capita:
6,782 kWh (1 January 1992)
Industries:
complete range of mining and extractive industries producing coal,
oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building from
rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space vehicles; ship-
building; road and rail transportation equipment; communications
equipment; agricultural machinery, tractors, and construction
equipment; electric power generating and transmitting equipment;
medical and scientific instruments; consumer durables
Agriculture:
grain, sugar beet, sunflower seeds, meat, milk, vegetables, fruits;
because of its northern location does not grow citrus, cotton, tea,
and other warm climate products
Illicit drugs:
illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for domestic
consumption; government has active eradication program; used as
transshipment point for Asian and Latin American illicit drugs to
Western Europe and Latin America
Economic aid:
recipient:
US commitments, including Ex-Im (1990-93), $13 billion; other
countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1988-93), $115 billion
Currency:
1 ruble (R) = 100 kopeks
Exchange rates:
rubles per US$1 - 1,247 (27 December 1993), 415 (24 December 1992);
nominal exchange rate still deteriorating but real exchange rate
strengthening
Fiscal year:
calendar year

@Russia, Communications

Railroads:
158,100 km all 1.520-meter broad gauge; 86,800 km in common carrier
service, of which 48,900 km are diesel traction and 37