ysicians, we decree that in future no one who
claims the title of physician shall exercise the art of healing or
dare {420} to treat the ailing, except such as have beforehand, in
our University of Salerno, passed a public examination under a
regular teacher of medicine, and been given a certificate not only
by the professor of medicine, but also by one of our civil
officials, which declares his trustworthiness and sufficient
knowledge. This document must be presented to us, or in our absence
from the kingdom to the person who remains behind in our stead, and
must be followed by the obtaining of a license to practice medicine
either from us or from our representative aforesaid. Violation of
this law is to be punished by confiscation of goods and a year in
prison for all those who in future dare to practice medicine without
such permission from our authority.

"Since students cannot be expected to learn medical science unless
they have previously been grounded in logic, we further decree that
no one be permitted to take up the study of medical science without
beforehand having devoted at least three full years to the study of
logic." (Under logic at this time was included the study of
practically all the subjects that are now taken up in the arts
department of our universities. Huxley, in his address before the
University of Aberdeen on the occasion of his inauguration as Rector
of that University, said that "the scholars [of the early days of
the universities] studied Grammar and Rhetoric; Arithmetic and
Geometry; Astronomy, Theology and Music." He added: "Thus their
work, however imperfect and faulty, judged by modern lights, it may
have been, brought them face to face with all the leading aspects of
the many-sided mind of man. For these studies did really contain, at
any rate, in embryo--sometimes, it may be, in caricature--what we
now call Philosophy, Mathematical and Physical Science, and Art. And
I doubt if the curriculum of any modern university shows so clear
and generous a comprehension of what is meant by culture as the old
Trivium and Quadrivium does." Huxley, Science and Education Essays,
page 197. New York, D. Appleton & Co., 1896.--J. J. W.)

"After three years devoted to these studies, he (the student) may,
if he will, proceed to the study of medicine, provided always that
during the prescribed time he devotes himself also to surgery,