If one will think
of the purposes of most delivered speeches he will realize that this
kind of conclusion is much more frequent than the previous kind as so
many speeches anticipate future action or events. Dealing with
entirely different topics the three following extracts illustrate this
kind of conclusion. Washington was arguing against the formation of
parties in the new nation, trying to avert the inevitable.
There is an opinion that parties in free countries are useful
checks upon the administration of the government, and serve
to keep alive the spirit of liberty. This within certain
limits is probably true; and in governments of a monarchical
cast, patriotism may look with indulgence if not with favor
upon the spirit of party. But in those of the popular
character, in governments purely elective, it is a spirit not
to be encouraged. From their natural tendency it is certain
there will always be enough of that spirit for every salutary
purpose. And there being constant danger of excess, the
effort ought to be by force of public opinion to mitigate and
assuage it. A fire not to be quenched, it demands a uniform
vigilance to prevent its bursting into a flame, lest, instead
of warming, it should consume.
GEORGE WASHINGTON: _Farewell Address_, 1796
With the dignity and the calmness of the preceding, contrast the
Biblical fervor of the next--the magnanimous program of the reuniter
of a divided people.
With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness
in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive
on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's
wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and
for his widow and his orphan--to do all which may achieve and
cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves, and with
all nations.
ABRAHAM LINCOLN: _Second Inaugural_, 1865
In totally different circumstances the next conclusion was delivered,
yet it bears the same aspect of anticipation. There is not a single
hint in it of the material of the speech which preceded it, it takes
no glance backward, it looks forward only. Its effectiveness comes
from the element of leadership, that gesture of pointing the way for
loyal Americans to follow.
No nation as great as ours can expect to escape the penalty
of greatness, for greatness does not come without trouble and
labor.
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