s of the apple-tree, which will indicate, even to
the unlearned, the manure that will probably be needed:--

_Analysis of the ash of the apple-tree._

Sap-wood. Heart-wood. Bark of trunk.

Potash 16.19 6.620 4.930
Soda 3.11 7.935 3.285
Chloride of sodium 0.42 0.210 0.540
Sulphate of lime 0.05 0.526 0.637

Phosphate of peroxyde } 0.80 0.500 0.375
of iron }
Phosphate of lime 17.50 5.210 2.425
Phosphate of magnesia 0.20 0.190
Carbonic acid 29.10 36.275 44.830
Lime 18.63 37.019 51.578
Magnesia 8.40 6.900 0.150
Silicia 0.85 0.400 0.200
Soluble silicia 0.80 0.300 0.400
Organic matter 4.60 2.450 2.100
______ _______ _______
100.65 104.535 111.450

This table will indicate the application of plenty of wood-ashes and
charcoal; lime in hair, bones, horn-shavings, old plaster, common lime,
and a little common salt. Lime and ashes, or dissolved potash, are
indispensable on an old orchard; they will improve the fruit one half,
both in quantity and quality.

_Propagation._--This is done mainly by seeds, budding and grafting. The
best method is by common cleft-grafting on all stocks large enough, and
by whip or tongue grafting on all others. (See under article, Grafting.)

Grafting into the sycamore is recommended by some. The scions are said
to grow profusely, and to bear early and abundantly; but they are apt to
be killed by cold winters. We do not recommend it. Almost everything
does best budded or grafted into vigorous stocks of its own nature.
Root-grafting, as it is termed,--that is, cutting up roots into pieces
three or four inches long, and putting a scion into each--has been a
matter of much discussion and diversity of opinion. It is certainly a
means of most rapidly multiplying a given variety, and is therefore
profitable to the nurseryman. For ourselves, we should prefer trees
grafted just above, or at the ground, using the whole stock for one
tree. We do not, however, undertake to settle this controverted point.
Our minds are fixed against it. Others must do as they please.
Propagation by seed is thought to be entir