ter the Hermit, 120.

Pevensey, landing of William at, 96.

Philip I., king of France, makes war with William I., 114.

Philip II., king of France, stirs up enmity between Henry II.
and his sons, 156;
quarrels with Richard I., 161;
stirs up John against Richard, 162;
supports Arthur against John, 174;
wins Normandy and Anjou from John, 175;
prepares an invasion of England, 179;
wins a victory at Bouvines, 181.

Philip IV., king of France, his relations with Edward I. and
with Scotland, 218.

Philip V., king of France, succeeds in virtue of the so-called
Salic law, 232.

Philip VI., king of France, succeeds in virtue of the so-called
Salic law, and receives the homage of Edward III., 232;
protects David Bruce, 234;
defeats the Flemings at Cassel, 235;
avoids fighting the English, 239;
is defeated at Crecy, 242;
death of, 251.

Philip, the Archduke, birth of, 337;
marries Juana, 352;
dies, 358.

Philippa of Hainault marries Edward III., 231;
begs the lives of the burgesses of Calais, 243.

Phoenicians, the, supposed visits to Britain of, 7.

Picts, the, ravages of, 23, 26;
unite with the Scots, 63.

_Piers the Plowman_, 259.

Pippin becomes king of the Franks, 54.

Plautius, Aulus, subdues south east Britain, 13.

Poitevins, favour of Henry III. to, 187, 194.

Poitiers, battle of, 251.

Poitou, John's attack on the barons of, 174;
submission to Philip II. of part of, 176;
John attempts to recover, 180;
Henry III. surrenders, 194.

Poll-taxes, 267, 268.

Poor priests sent out by Wycliffe, 268.

Posidonius visits Britain, 8.

Poynings' Acts, 350.

Praemunire, Statute of, 258;
re-enacted, 282.

Printing press, the, 358.

Prisons, condition of, 275.

Provencals favoured by Henry III., 192.

Provisions of Oxford, the, 198.

Provisors, Statute of, 258;
re-enacted, 282.

Puiset, Hugh de, appointed a justiciar in the absence of
Richard I., 159.

Punishments, early English, 32;
mediaeval, 275.

Purveyors, 274.

Pytheas opens a trade-route to Britain, 8.

_Quia emptores_, Statute of, 212.

Radcot Bridge, the Duke of Ireland defeated at, 280.

Raedwald, king of East Anglia, 41;
Eadwine takes refuge with, 43.

Ralph de Diceto, 167.

Ralph of Wader takes part in the Rising of the Earls, 110.