view by the
market-place of Sennaar.]

[Footnote 56: The occasion of this expedition was as follows:--On our
arrival at Sennaar, and after the accord made between the Pasha and the
Sultan of Sennaar, by which the latter surrendered his kingdom to the
disposal of the Vizier of the Grand Seignor, the Pasha sent circulars
throughout all the districts of the kingdom notifying the chiefs of this
act, and summoning them to come in to him and render their homage. The
Chief of the Mountaineers, inhabiting the mountains south and south-west
of Sennaar (the capital), not only refused to acknowledge the Pasha, but
even to receive his letter. On this, the Pasha sent Cogia Achmet, one
of the roughest of his chiefs, with thirteen hundred cavalry, escorting
three, brazen-faced lawyers, out of the ten the Pasha had brought with
him in order to talk with the people of the upper country, to bring this
man and his followers to reason.]

[Footnote 57: Several of the chiefs of Eastern Sennaar had refused to
recognize the act of the Sultan, calling him "a coward" and "a traitor,"
for surrendering their country to a stranger. Some of them took up arms,
which occasioned the expedition commanded by the Divan Effendi.]

[Footnote 58: I must confess that I was much shocked and disgusted by
this act on the part of the Pasha, especially as he had shown so many
traits of humanity in the lower country, which was undoubtedly one
of the principal causes of its prompt submission. This execution was
excused in the camp, by saying, that it would strike such terror as
would repress all attempts at insurrection, and would consequently
prevent the effusion of much blood. It may have been consistent with the
principles of military policy, but I feel an insurmountable reluctance
to believe it.]

[Footnote 59: They told me the names of these rivers, which I put down
upon a sheet of paper devoted to preserving the names of some of the
principal Maleks of the country. In my journey back this paper has
disappeared from among my notes and papers, which has been a subject of
great vexation to me.]

[Footnote 60: The people of Sennaar also believed that our boats could
not pass the third cataract; and, therefore, their opinion with regard
to the shellal at Sulluk is not to be relied on.]

[Footnote 61: The rainy season in Sennaar, at least the commencement of
it, such as I found it, may be thus described: Furious squalls of
wind in the course of one or two h