all dispatched in five days; also eighteen elephants.
Fifthly the representation of a horse and foot battle, with that of an
encampment or a siege. Sixthly, the representation of a sea-fight
(Naumachia), which was at first made in the Circus Maximus, but
afterwards elsewhere. The combatants were usually captives or condemned
malefactors, who fought to death, unless saved by the clemency of the
emperor. If any thing unlucky happened at the games, they were renewed,
and often more than once.

[67] A meadow beyond the Tiber, in which an excavation was made,
supplied with water from the river.

[68] Julius Caesar was assisted by Sosigenes, an Egyptian philosopher,
in correcting the calendar. For this purpose he introduced an additional
day every fourth year, making February to consist of twenty-nine days
instead of twenty-eight, and, of course, the whole year to consist of
three hundred and sixty-six days. The fourth year was denominated
Bissextile, or leap year, because the sixth day before the calends, or
first of March, was reckoned twice.

The Julian year was introduced throughout the Roman empire, and continued
in general use till the year 1582. But the true correction was not six
hours, but five hours, forty-nine minutes; hence the addition was too
great by eleven minutes. This small fraction would amount in one hundred
years to three-fourths of a day, and in a thousand years to more than
seven days. It had, in fact, amounted, since the Julian correction, in
1582, to more than seven days. Pope Gregory XIII., therefore, again
reformed the calendar, first bringing forward the year ten days, by
reckoning the 5th of October the 15th, and then prescribing the rule
which has gradually been adopted throughout Christendom, except in
Russia, and the Greek church generally.

[69] Principally Carthage and Corinth.

[70] The Latus Clavus was a broad stripe of purple, on the front of the
toga. Its width distinguished it from that of the knights, who wore it
narrow.

[71] The Suburra lay between the Celian and Esquiline hills. It was one
of the most frequented quarters of Rome.

[72] Bede, quoting Solinus, we believe, says that excellent pearls were
found in the British seas, and that they were of all colours, but
principally white. Eccl. Hist. b. i. c. 1.

[73] --------Bithynia quicquid
Et predicator Caesaris unquam habuit.

[74] Gallias Caesar subegit, Nicomedes Caesarem;
Ecce Caesar nu