28] Darwin and Spencer (evolution), Bastian (ethnology),
and others.

[1529] In his _Early History of Mankind_ and _Primitive
Culture_. Cf. C. de Brosses (_Du culte des dieux fetiches_,
1760), who expressed a similar view.

[1530] A. Lang, _Custom and Myth_ and _Myth, Ritual, and
Religion_, and other works; Frazer, _Golden Bough_, 2d and
3d edd.; W. R. Smith, _Religion of the Semites_; and others.

[1531] Mannhardt, _Wald- und Feldkulte_ and _Mythologische
Forschungen_.

[1532] See the bibliography at the end of this book.

[1533] Beginnings for such a survey have been made in the
Teutonic, American, and some other areas.

[1534] Confucianism, if it can be called a religion, is an
exception.

[1535] See the bibliographies in Johnson's _Universal
Cyclopaedia_, article "Fairy-lore," and _La Grande
Encyclopedie_, article "Fee"; Maury, _Croyances et legendes
du moyen age_, new ed.; Hartland, _The Science of
Fairy-tales_.

[1536] Tylor, _Primitive Culture_, Index, s.v. _Magic_;
Frazer, _Golden Bough_, 2d ed., Index, do.; id., _Early
History of the Kingship_, Index, do.; Hobhouse, _Morals in
Evolution_, Index, do.; Westermarck, _Origin and Development
of the Moral Ideas_, Index, do.; S. Reinach, _Orpheus_,
Index, do.; Hubert and Mauss, in _Annee sociologique_, vii;
Marett, _Threshold of Religion_; articles "Magie" in _La
Grande Encyclopedie_ and "Magic" in _Encyclopaedia
Britannica_, 11th ed.; article "Magia" in Daremberg and
Saglio, _Dictionnaire des antiquites grecques et romaines_.

[1537] Examples are cited in the works mentioned above.

[1538] On the view that many quasi-magical acts are
spontaneous reactions of the man to his environment see I.
King, _Development of Religion_, chap. vii. According to
this view the thought suggests the act. The warrior,
thinking of his enemy, instinctively makes the motion of
hurling something at him (as a modern man shakes his fist at
an absent foe), and such an act, a part of the excitation to
combat, is believed to be efficacious.

[1539] Westermarck, _Origin and Development of the Moral
Ideas_, s.v. _The Evil Eye_.

[1540] On mana see above, Sec. 231 ff. Though the theory of
mana was necessarily vague, the thing itself was quite
definite.

[1541] Jastrow, _Religion of Babylonia and Assyria_, p. 85.

[1542] _Isis and Osiris_, 73.

[1543] Frazer, _Golden Bough_, 2d ed., i