acid
crystals and oxalates, due to the modified tissue changes
produced by the alcohol. The effect of a single act of
over-indulgence in alcohol does not last more than thirty-six
hours, but it is cumulative under continued use.'

"Dr. Chittenden kept several dogs under the influence of alcohol
eight or ten days, and found it to increase the amount of uric
acid in their urine more than 100 per cent. above the normal
proportion.

"Mohilansky, house-physician to Manassein's clinic, in the
conclusions drawn from his interesting experiments on fifteen
young men to determine the effects of alcohol on the metabolic
processes generally, stated that 'it does not possess any
diuretic action: but rather tends to inhibit the elimination of
water by the kidneys.' It is further stated that this result is
owing to the coincident effect of diminished systemic oxidation
and of blood pressure.

"On the other hand, several observers have reported that the
flow of urine was increased by the use of alcohol. From as full
an examination of the subject as I have been able to make, it
appears that the diverse results obtained have depended upon the
previous habits of those experimented on, and the widely varying
quantities of water drank with the alcohol. When the alcohol is
taken with large quantities of water, as is usual with those who
use beer and fermented drinks generally, the total amount of
urine passed is usually increased, but not more than is found to
result from taking the same quantity of water without any
alcohol. When alcoholic drinks are taken by those already
habituated to its use, it has less marked effect on the quantity
and quality of the urine than when taken by those who had
previously been total abstainers. This was illustrated by the
experiments of Mohilansky on the fifteen men, some of whom were
habitual drinkers, some occasional drinkers, and others total
abstainers. When all were subjected to the same diet and drinks,
with alcohol, in two the daily amount of urine voided remained
unaltered, in five it was increased seven per cent., and in
eight it decreased twelve per cent. But whatever may be the
variations in the mere quantity of urine voided under the
influence of alcohol, the alterations in quality pretty
uniformly show an increase in the products of impe