all Bros. & Barclay, of Birmingham,
with the result that new non-alcoholic tinctures were made
replacing the following alcoholic tinctures and wines:--

Tinct. Aloes.
" Arnicae.
" Aurantii.
" Belladonnae.
" Buchu.
" Calumbae.
" Camph. Co.
" Capsici.
" Cascarillae.
" Catechu.
" Chiratae.
" Cinchonae Co.
" " Flav.
" Cinnamomae.
" Colchici Sem.
" Conii.
" Digitalis.
" Ferri Acet.
" Ferri Perchlor.
" Gentiani Co.
" Hyosciami.
" Kino.
" Krameriae.
" Limonis.
" Lobeliae.
" Nucis Vomicae.
" Opii.
" Quassiae.
" Rhei.
" Scillae.
" Serpentariae.
" Stramonii.
" Valerianae.
" " Ammon.
Vin. Aloes.
" Colchici Rad.
" " Sim.
" Ipecac.
" Opii.
" Rhei.

"These were made by extracting the principles of the drugs in
the usual way except that instead of alcohol a mixture of
glycerine and water was used in the proportion of one-fourth to
one-third part of glycerine, and about five per cent. of acetic
acid. These made very elegant preparations, and in the majority
of cases appeared to have just the same, and just as great
physiological action. Subsequently the ordinary tinctures were
distilled, and the extracts thus obtained dissolved in the above
menstruum, as far as was possible, in most cases the residuum
being found to be inert.

"Gum resins and essential oils were found to be insoluble in
this menstruum, and hence such drugs have been given in the form
of pill, powder or mixture. Such tinctures are those of
assafoetida, benzoin, cannabis indica, cantharides, castor,
cubebs, lavender, myrrh, pyrethrum, sumbul, tolu and ginger. Out
of 62 tinctures it was found that 46 made good preparations, and
16 did not.

"These were employed for several years. But for some time past,
somewhat more reliable preparations have been made for us which
contain _all_ the constituents of the alcoholic tinctures
without the alcohol. They are for the most part made by taking
standardized tin