ef, skates, sloop,
yacht.

_Italian_: canto, cupola, gondola, grotto, lava, opera, piano, regatta,
soprano, stucco, vista.

_Spanish_: armada, cargo, cigar, desperado, flotilla, grandee,
mosquito, mulatto, punctilio, sherry, sierra.

_Portuguese_: caste, commodore, fetish, mandarin, palaver.

9. PROPORTIONS.--On an examination of passages selected from modern English
authors, it is found that of every hundred words sixty are of Anglo-Saxon
origin, thirty of Latin, five of Greek, and all the other sources combined
furnish the remaining five.

By actual count, there are more words of classical than of Anglo-Saxon
origin in the English vocabulary,--probably two and a half times as
many of the former as of the latter. But Anglo-Saxon words are so much
more employed--owing to the constant repetition of conjunctions,
prepositions, adverbs, auxiliaries, etc. (all of Anglo-Saxon
origin)--that in any page of even the most Latinized writer they
greatly preponderate. In the Bible, and in Shakespeare's vocabulary,
they are in the proportion of ninety per cent. For specimens showing
Anglo-Saxon words, see p. 136.

II.--ETYMOLOGICAL CLASSES OF WORDS.

10. CLASSES BY ORIGIN.--With respect to their origin, words are divided
into two classes,--primitive words and derivative words.

11. A PRIMITIVE word, or root, is one that cannot be reduced to a more
simple form in the language to which it is native: as, _man, good, run_.

12. A DERIVATIVE word is one made up of a root and one or more _formative
elements_: as, man_ly_, good_ness_, run_ner_.

The formative elements are called prefixes and suffixes. (See Sec.Sec. 16, 17.)

13. BY COMPOSITION.--With respect to their composition, words are divided
into two classes,--simple and compound words.

14. A SIMPLE word consists of a single significant term: as, _school,
master, rain, bow_.

15. A COMPOUND word is one made up of two or more simple words united: as,
_school-master, rainbow_.

In some compound words the constituent parts are joined by the hyphen
as _school-master_; in others the parts coalesce and the compound forms
a single (though not a _simple_) word, as _rainbow_.

III.--PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES.

16. A prefix is a significant syllable or word placed before and joined
with a word to modify its meaning: as, unsafe = _not_ safe; remove = move
_back_; circumnavigate = sail _around_.

17. A su