romenade and
marine parade; and is the seat of various convalescent and other homes.

CLADEL, LEON (1835-1892), French novelist, was born at Montauban
(Tarn-et-Garonne) on the 13th of March 1835. The son of an artisan, he
studied law at Toulouse and became a solicitor's clerk in Paris. He made
a reputation in a limited circle by his first book, _Les Martyrs
ridicules_ (1862), a novel for which Charles Baudelaire, whose literary
disciple Cladel was, wrote a preface. He then returned to his native
district of Quercy, where he produced a series of pictures of peasant
life in _Eral le dompteur_ (1865), _Le Nomme Qouael_ (1868) and other
volumes. Returning to Paris he published the two novels which are
generally acknowledged as his best work, _Le Bouscassie_ (1869) and _La
Fete votive de Saint Bartholomee Porte-glaive_ (1872). _Une Maudite_
(1876) was judged dangerous to the public morals and cost its author a
month's imprisonment. Other works by Cladel are _Les Va-nu-pieds_
(1873), a volume of short stories; _N'a qu'un oeil_ (1882), _Urbains
et ruraux_ (1884), _Gueux de marque_ (1887), and the posthumous _Juive
errante_ (1897). He died at Sevres on the 20th of July 1892.

See _La Vie de Leon Cladel_ (Paris, 1905), by his daughter Judith
Cladel, containing also an article on Cladel by Edmond Picard, a
complete list of his works, and of the critical articles on his work.

CLAFLIN, HORACE BRIGHAM (1811-1885), American merchant, was born in
Milford, Massachusetts, on the 18th of December 1811. He was educated at
Milford Academy, became a clerk in his father's store in Milford, and in
1831, with his brother Aaron and his brother-in-law Samuel Daniels,
succeeded to his father's business. In 1832 the firm opened a branch
store in Worcester, Mass., and in 1833 Horace B. Claflin and Daniels
secured the sole control of this establishment and restricted their
dealing to dry goods. In 1843 Claflin removed to New York City and
became a member of the firm of Bulkley & Claflin, wholesale dry goods
merchants. In 1851 and in 1864 the firm was reorganized, being
designated in these respective years as Claflin, Mellin & Company and
H.B. Claflin & Company. Under Claflin's management the business
increased so rapidly that the sales for a time after 1865 probably
exceeded those of any other mercantile house in the world. Though the
firm was temporarily embarrassed at the beginning of the Civil War, on
account of its large bus