-174.

[30] See Montucla, _Hist. des rech. sur la quad. du cercle_ (Paris,
1754, 2nd ed. 1831); de Morgan, _Budget of Paradoxes_ (London,
1872).

[31] "Sur la fonction exponentielle," _Comples rendus_ (Paris),
lxxvii. 18, 74, 226, 285.

[32] See _Crelle's Journal_, lxxvi. 342.

[33] See "Ueber die Zahl [pi]," in _Math. Ann._ xx. 213.

CIRCLEVILLE, a city and the county-seat of Pickaway county, Ohio,
U.S.A., about 26 m. S. by E. of Columbus, on the Scioto river and the
Ohio Canal. Pop. (1890) 6556; (1900) 6991 (551 negroes); (1910) 6744. It
is served by the Cincinnati & Muskingum Valley (Pennsylvania lines) and
the Norfolk & Western railways, and by the Scioto Valley electric line.
Circleville is situated in a farming region, and its leading industries
are the manufacture of straw boards and agricultural implements, and the
canning of sweet corn and other produce. The city occupies the site of
prehistoric earth-works, from one of which, built in the form of a
circle, it derived its name. Circleville, first settled about 1806, was
chosen as the county-seat in 1810. The court-house was built in the form
of an octagon at the centre of the circle, and circular streets were
laid out around it; but this arrangement proved to be inconvenient, the
court-house was destroyed by fire in 1841, and at present no trace of
the ancient landmarks remains. Circleville was incorporated as a village
in 1814, and was chartered as a city in 1853.

CIRCUIT (Lat. _circuitus_, from _circum_, round, and _ire_, to go), the
act of moving round; so circumference, or anything encircling or
encircled. The word is particularly known as a law term, signifying the
periodical progress of a legal tribunal for the purpose of carrying out
the administration of the law in the several provinces of a country. It
has long been applied to the journey or progress which the judges have
been in the habit of making through the several counties of England, to
hold courts and administer justice, where recourse could not be had to
the king's court at Westminster (see ASSIZE).

In England, by sec. 23 of the Judicature Act 1875, power was conferred
on the crown, by order in council, to make regulations respecting
circuits, including the discontinuance of any circuit, and the formation
of any new circuit, and the appointment of the place at which assizes
are to be held on any circuit. Under this power an order of council,
dated the 5