the quarter they occupied. They
succeeded the Jews in the business of money lending and banking, and
Lombard Street still remains famous for its bankers and brokers.

VI. Mode of Life, Manners, and Customs

326. Dress.

Great sums were spent on dress by both sexes, and the courtiers'
doublets, or jackets, were of the most costly silks and velvets,
elaborately puffed and slashed. During the latter part of the period
the pointed shoes, which had formerly been of prodigious length,
suddenly began to grow broad, with such rapidity that Parliament
passed a law limiting the width of the toes to six inches.

At the same time the court ladies adopted the fashion of wearing horns
as huge in proportion as the noblemen's shoes. The government tried
legislating them down, and the clergy fulminated a solemn curse
against them; but fashion was more powerful than Church and Parliament
combined, and horns and hoofs came out triumphant.

EIGHTH PERIOD[1]

"One half her soil has walked the rest
In poets, heroes, martyrs, sages!"
O. W. Holmes

Political Reaction--Absolutism of the
Crown--The English Reformation and the New Learning

Crown or Pope?

House of Tudor (1485-1603)

Henry VII, 1485-1509
Henry VIII, 1509-1547
Edward VI, 1547-1553
Mary, 1553-1558
Elizabeth, 1558-1603

[1] Reference Books on this period will be found in the Classified
List of Books in the Appendix. The pronunciation of names will be
found in the Index. The Leading Dates stand unenclosed; all others
are in parentheses.

327. Union of the Houses of Lancaster and York.

Before leaving the Continent Henry Tudor (S314) had promised the
Yorkist party that he would marry Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Edward
IV (see Genealogical Table, p. 179), and sister to the young Princes
murdered by Richard III (S310). Such a marriage would unite the rival
houses of Lancaster and York, and put an end to the civil war.

A few months after the new King's accession the wedding was duly
celebrated, and in the beautiful east window of stained glass in Henry
VII's Chapel, Westminster Abbey, the Roses are seen joined; so that,
as the quaint verse of that day says:

"Both roses flourish--red and white--
In love and sisterly delight;
The two that were at strife are blended,
And all old troubles n