end and
counselor. His family relations were unimpeachable. The same was true
throughout the tribe. He was devoutly pious. In short, he was a Burgess
Kaiser in the small. But he was the war lord of all that region. He was
fiercely jealous of all the neighboring tribes. He kept his own people
armed and drilled to the top of efficiency, ready for attack or
defense. He was noted for his hatred and contempt for his people except
his own. His forays were marked by savage cruelty. His military
necessities stopped at nothing.

Need it be said that the surrounding tribes were in nowise interested in
this chief's physique or domestic virtues, or in his fidelity to his own
people? It is safe to affirm that the British Government did not ask
whether he had the body of a Michael Angelo's David or of a baboon from
the jungle. It did not ask whether he was good to his wife and children.
Most animals are. It did not care how devoted he was to his fetich. The
sole question was, What sort of public citizen is he? How does he stand
related to surrounding peoples? On what terms does he propose to live
with them? That precisely is what we want to know about the Kaiser.

Fortunately, we do not have to ask Prof. Burgess, or any group of
savants, or the German people. The Kaiser's record is known and read of
all men.

JAMES H. ECOB,

American Institute of Social Service.

New York, Oct. 21, 1914.

PROF. BURGESS'S SECOND ARTICLE.

The Guarantee of Belgian Neutrality

So much has been said about Belgian neutrality, so much assumed, and it
has been such a stumbling block in the way of any real and comprehensive
understanding of the causes and purposes of the great European
catastrophe, that it may be well to examine the basis of it and endeavor
to get an exact idea of the scope and obligation.

Of course, we are considering here the question of guaranteed
neutrality, not the ordinary neutrality enjoyed by all States not at
war, when some States are at war; the difference between ordinary
neutrality and guaranteed neutrality being that no State is under any
obligation to defend the ordinary neutrality of any other State against
infringement by a belligerent, and no belligerent is under any special
obligation to observe it. Guaranteed neutrality is, therefore, purely a
question of specific agreement between States.

On the 19th day of April, 1839, Belgium and Holland, which from 1815 to
1830 had formed the United Kingdom of th