fresh, and
pleased with myself! for having in my old age walked a measured
mile in twelve minutes by the side of this beautiful Dee.

_Oct. 7._--I have just come in from a delightful twenty-five miles
ride with General Grey and another companion. I had another long
interview with the Queen to-day. She talked most, and very freely
and confidentially, about the Prince of Wales; also about Lord
Russell and Lord Palmerston, and about Granville and Clarendon,
the latter perhaps to an effect that will a little surprise you.
Also the Dean of Windsor. It was a kind of farewell audience.

Chapter VII. Garibaldi--Denmark. (1864)

There are in Europe two great questions: the question called
social and the question of nationalities.... The map of Europe has
to be re-made.... I affirm with profound conviction that this
movement of nationalities has attained in Italy, in Hungary, in
Vienna, in a great part of Germany, and in some of the Slavonian
populations, a degree of importance that must at no distant period
produce decisive results.... The first war-cry that arises will
carry with it a whole zone of Europe.--MAZZINI (1852).

I

"My confidence in the Italian parliament and people," Mr. Gladstone wrote
to Lacaita at the end of 1862, "increases from day to day. Their
self-command, moderation, patience, firmness, and forethought reaching far
into the future, are really beyond all praise." And a few days later,
again to Lacaita--"Your letter proves that the king has not merely got the
constitutional lesson by rote--though even this for an Italian king would
be much; but that the doctrine has sunk into the marrow and the bone." The
cause was won, and the work of construction went forward, but not on such
lines as Cavour's master-hand was likely to have traced. Very early Mr.
Gladstone began to be uneasy about Italian finance. "I am sure," he wrote
to Lacaita in April 1863, "that Italian freedom has no greater enemy in
the Triple Crown or elsewhere, than large continuing deficits."

As events marched forward, the French occupation of Rome became an ever
greater scandal in Mr. Gladstone's eyes. He writes to Panizzi (October 28,
1862):--

My course about the Emperor has been a very simple one. It is not
for me to pass gratuitous opinions upon his character or that of
French institutions, or on his dealings with them. I believe him