hurch is the Presbyterian, has none.
Between 1801 and 1869 Ireland had four, but since the disestablishment
of the Irish church in 1869 there have been none. In England five
ecclesiastics, by statute, are entitled invariably to seats, i.e.,
the archbishops of Canterbury and York and the bishops of London,
Durham, and Winchester. Among the remaining bishops the law allows
seats to twenty-one, in the order of seniority. There are always,
therefore, some English bishops--in 1909, ten--who are not members of
the chamber.[146] All ecclesiastical members retain their seats during
tenure of their several sees, but do not, of course, transmit their
rights to their heirs, nor, necessarily, save in the case of the five
mentioned, to their successors in office. Bishops and archbishops are
elected, nominally, by the dean and chapter of the diocese; but when a
vacancy arises the sovereign transmits a _conge d'elire_ containing
the name of the person to be elected, so that, practically,
appointment is made by the crown, acting under the advice of the prime
minister. Bishoprics are created by act of Parliament.[147]

[Footnote 146: The Bishop of Sodor and Man is
entitled to a seat, but not to take part in the
chamber's proceedings. His status has been compared
to that of a territorial delegate in the United
States. Moran, The English Government, 170.]

[Footnote 147: On the composition of the House of
Lords see Lowell, Government of England, I., Chap.
21; Anson, Law and Custom of the Constitution, I.,
Chap. 5; May and Holland, Constitutional History of
England, I., Chap. 5; Moran, English Government,
Chap. 10; Low, Governance of England, Chap. 12;
Courtney, Working Constitution of the United
Kingdom, Chap. 11; Macy, English Constitution,
Chap. 4; Marriott, English Political Institutions,
Chaps. 6-7; and Walpole, The Electorate and the
Legislature, Chap. 2. The subject is treated in
greater detail in Pike, Constitutional History of
the House of Lords, especially Chap. 15.]

*106. Qualifications and Number of Members.*--A peer may be (p. 101)
prevented from occupying a seat in the chamber by