ing phases of diplomatic
intercourse are confided exclusively to the Confederation. Other
functions vested in the federal authorities alone include the control
of the postal service and of telegraphs; the coining of money and the
maintenance of a monetary system; the issue of bank notes and of other
forms of paper money; the fixing of standards of weights and measures;
the maintenance of a monopoly of the manufacture and sale of
gunpowder; and the enactment of supplementary legislation relating to
domicile and citizenship.

[Footnote 598: Art. 8. Dodd, Modern Constitutions,
II., 258.]

[Footnote 599: Arts. 15-23. Ibid., II., 260-262.]

[Footnote 600: McCrackan, Rise of the Swiss
Republic, 354-363; Payen, La neutralisation de la
Suisse, in _Annales de l'Ecole Libre des Sciences
Politiques_, Oct. 15, 1892.]

*457. Concurrent Powers and Powers Denied the Confederation.*--Among
powers which are intrusted to the Confederation, to be exercised in
more or less close conjunction with the cantonal governments, are: (1)
the making of provision for public education, the cantons maintaining
a system of compulsory primary instruction, the Confederation
subsidizing educational establishments of higher rank;[601] (2) the
regulation of child labor, industrial conditions, emigration, and
insurance; (3) the maintenance of highways; (4) the regulation of the
press; and (5) the preservation of public order and of peace between
members of different religious organizations.

[Footnote 601: Art. 27. Dodd, Modern Constitutions,
II., 263.]

Several explicit prohibitions rest upon the authorities of both
Confederation and cantons. No treaties may be concluded whereby it is
agreed to furnish troops to other countries. No canton may expel from
its own territory one of its citizens, or deprive him of his rights.
No person may be compelled to become a member of a religious society,
to receive religious instruction, to perform any religious act, or to incur
penalty of any sort by reason of his religious opinions.[602] No (p. 415)
death penalty may be pronounced for a political offense. The
prohibitions, in short, which the constitution imposes upon federal
and cantonal authorities comprise essentially a bill of rights,
comparable with any to be found in a contemporary Europ