g and the present site of
Harper's Ferry. See Maury, "Physical Survey," 42; _Virginia Magazine_, IX,
337-352; Washington's Journal, 47-48; Wayland, "German Element of the
Shenandoah," 110.

[3] Wayland, "German Element of the Shenandoah," 28-30; _Virginia
Historical Register_, III, 10.

[4] See Meade, "Old Families of Virginia," _The Transalleghany Historical
Magazine_, I and II; De Hass, "The Settlement of Western Virginia," 71, 75;
Kercheval, "History of the Valley," 61-71; Faust, "The German Element in
the United States."

[5] Dunning, "The History of Political Theory from Luther to Montesquieu,"
9,10.

[6] _Not in Text_

[7] Buchanan, the most literary of these reformers, insisted that society
originates in the effort of men to escape from the primordial state of
nature, that in a society thus formed the essential to well-being is
justice, that justice is maintained by laws rather than by kings, that the
maker of the laws is the people, and that the interpreter of the laws is
not the king, but the body of judges chosen by the people. He reduced the
power of the ruler to the minimum, the only power assigned to him being to
maintain the morals of the state by making his life a model of virtuous
living. The reformer claimed, too, that when the ruler exceeds his power he
becomes a tyrant, and that people are justified in rejecting the doctrine
of passive obedience and slaying him. See Buchanan, "De Jure Apud Scotos"
(Aberdeen, 1762); Dunning, "History of Political Theories from Luther to
Montesquieu"; and P. Hume Brown, "Biography of John Knox."

[8] Just how much the racial characteristics had to do with making this
wilderness a center of democracy, it is difficult to estimate. Some
would contend that although the Western people were of races different
from this aristocratic element of the East, their own history shows
that this had little to do with the estrangement of the West from the
East, and that the fact that many persons of these same stocks who
settled in the East became identified with the interests of that
section is sufficient evidence to prove what an insignificant factor
racial characteristics are. But although environment proves itself
here to be the important factor in the development of these people
and we are compelled to concede that the frontier made the Western
man an advocate of republican principles, heredity must not be
ignored a