of the liquid
and the total latent heat through a wide range of temperatures.

Gases--When heat is added to gases there is no internal work done; hence
the total heat is that required to change the temperature plus that
required to do the external work. If the gas is not allowed to expand
but is preserved at constant volume, the entire heat added is that
required to change the temperature only.

Linear Expansion of Substances by Heat--To find the increase in the
length of a bar of any material due to an increase of temperature,
multiply the number of degrees of increase in temperature by the
coefficient of expansion for one degree and by the length of the bar.
Where the coefficient of expansion is given for 100 degrees, as in Table
6, the result should be divided by 100. The expansion of metals per one
degree rise of temperature increases slightly as high temperatures are
reached, but for all practical purposes it may be assumed to be constant
for a given metal.

TABLE 6

LINEAL EXPANSION OF SOLIDS AT ORDINARY TEMPERATURES

(Tabular values represent increase per foot per 100 degrees increase
in temperature, Fahrenheit or centigrade)

+-------------------+--------------+----------------+----------------+
| | Temperature | | |
| | Conditions[4]|Coefficient per |Coefficient per |
| Substance | Degrees | 100 Degrees | 100 Degrees |
| | Fahrenheit | Fahrenheit | Centigrade |
+-------------------+--------------+----------------+----------------+
|Brass (cast) | 32 to 212 | .001042 | .001875 |
|Brass (wire) | 32 to 212 | .001072 | .001930 |
|Copper | 32 to 212 | .000926 | .001666 |
|Glass (English | | | |
|flint) | 32 to 212 | .000451 | .000812 |
|Glass (French | | | |
|flint) | 32 to 212 | .000484 | .000872 |
|Gold | 32 to 212 | .000816 | .001470 |
|Granite (average) | 32 to 212 | .000482 | .000868 |
|Iron (cast) | 104 | .000589 | .001061 |
|Iron (soft forged) | 0 to 212 | .000634 | .001141 |
|Iron (wire) | 32 to 212 | .0