succeeded in extirpating the learned astrology of the
Latin world almost completely at the beginning of the Middle Ages. We do
not know of one astrological treatise, or of one manuscript of the
Carlovingian period, but the ancient faith in the power of the stars
continued in secret and gained new strength when Europe came in contact
with Arabian science.

50. Bouche-Leclercq devotes a chapter to them (pp. 609 ff.).

51. Seneca, _Quaest. Nat._, II, 35: "Expiationes et procurationes nihil
aliud esse quam aegrae mentis solatia. Fata inrevocabiliter ius suum
peragunt nec ulla commoventur prece." Cf. Schmidt, _Veteres philosophi
quomodo iudicaverint de precibus_, Giessen, 1907, p. 34.--Vettius Valens,
V, 9, (_Catal. codd. astr._, V, 2 p. 30, 11 = p. 220, 28, Kroll ed.),
professes that [Greek: Adunaton tina euchais e thusiais epinikesai ten ex
arches katabolen k. t. l.], but he seems to contradict himself, IX, 8 (p.
347, 1 ff.).

52. Suetonius, _Tib._, 69: "Circa deos ac religiones neglegentior, quippe
addictus mathematicae, plenusque persuasionis cuncta fato agi." Cf.
Manilius, IV.

53. Vettius Valens, IX, 11 (_Cat. codd. astr._, V, 2, p. 51, 8 ff. = p.
355, 15. Kroll ed.), cf. VI, prooem. (_Cat._, p. 33 = p. 240, Kroll).

54. "Si tribuunt fata genesis, cur deos oratis?" reads a verse of
Commodianus (I, 16, 5). The antinomy between the belief in fatalism and
this practice did not prevent the two from existing side by side, cf. _Mon.
myst. Mithra_, I, pp. 120, 311; _Revue d'hist. et de litt. relig._, VIII,
1903, p. 431.--The peripatetic Alexander of Aphrodisias who fought fatalism
in his [Greek: Peri heimarmenes], at the beginning of the third century,
and who violently attacked the charlatanism and cupidity of the astrologers
in another book (_De anima mantissa_, p. 180, 14, Bruns), formulated the
contradiction in the popular beliefs of his time (_ibid._, p. 182, 18):

[Greek: Pote men anthropoi to tes heimarmenes humnousin hos anankaion, pote
de ou pantei ten sunecheian autes pisteuousi sozein; kai gar hoi dia ton
logon huper autes hos ouses anankaias diateinomenoi sphodra kai panta
anatithentes autei, en tais kata ton bion praxesin ouk eoikasin autei
pepisteukenai;] {277} [Greek: Tuchen goun pollakis epiboontai, allen
homologountes einai tauten aitian tes heimarmenes; alla kai tois theois ou
dialeipousin euchomenoi, hos dunamenon tinos hup' auton dia tas euchas
genesthai kai para ten heimarmenen; ... kai manteiais ouk