d Vespasian re-enlisted (see ii. 67, 82).

[61] See chap. 5.

[62] Caecina was under arrest, Valens still on his way from
Rome (see chaps. 14, 15).

[63] XXI and I.

[64] Because they had already suffered heavy losses earlier
in the day (see chap. 18).

[65] These shields would have Vitellius' name on them, and
thus conceal their identity.

[66] Dio asserts that the moon was 'black and bloody, and
gave off other fearsome hues'.

[67] i.e. at the first battle of Bedriacum (see ii. 43).

[68] See ii. 85.

[69] 36 B.C.

[70] A.D. 63.

[71] i.e. the Rhoxolani (cp. i. 79).

[72] They had served recently in Syria under Corbulo (see above).

[73] An eyewitness (see note 39).

[74] In Spain.

[75] i.e. at the time of the first battle of Bedriacum in April.

[76] i.e. the gate giving on to the road to Brescia.

[77] In this famous formation the front-rank men kept close
together and covered their bodies with long, concave shields,
while the others, holding flat shields over their heads and
pressing them one against another, formed a protecting roof.
They could thus approach the walls under cover.

[78] Cp. ii. 101, note 459.

[79] For the term (_cuneus_) here used, see note on ii. 42.

[80] Cp. ii. 101, note 459.

[81] See note 77.

[82] As well as the buildings outside the walls.

[83] i.e. tore them off the standards and shields, and broke
the statues at head-quarters.

[84] See chap. 14.

[85] Cp. i. 66.

[86] Cp. ii. 45.

[87] i.e. even though it was in their own interest.

[88] Cp. ii. 70.

[89] Cp. ii. 67.

[90] The words were either attributed wrongly to Antonius or
were supposed to be spoken in answer to his question, 'Are
the furnaces not lit?' In either case they were taken to
apply not to the heating of the baths but to the burning of
the town.

[91] i.e. the goddess of malaria, who reigned in terror by
the swampy banks of the Po.

[92] Cremona was founded in 218 B.C. as a Latin colony,
together with Placentia, to keep the Gallic tribes of North
Italy in check.

[93] The Po, Adda, and Oglio.

VITELLIUS

When Caecina had left Rome,[94] Vitellius, aft