old their offices during life, unless
impeached. This life tenure of office, and the provision that a salary
of a justice shall not be reduced during his term, render the courts of
the United States independent of Congress and public opinion, and tend
to preserve the purity and dignity of their decisions.

The salary of a judge of the circuit court is seven thousand dollars;
that of a judge of a district court is six thousand dollars; that of a
judge of the customs court is seven thousand dollars; and that of a
justice of the court of claims is six thousand dollars, except the
chief justice, who receives six thousand five hundred dollars.

OFFICERS OF COURTS.--The United States district courts have grand
juries and trial juries, who perform duties similar to those of juries
in State courts. With the consent of the Senate, the President
appoints for each district a United States district attorney and a
United States marshal.

The _district attorney_ represents the United States in all civil cases
to which it is a party, and is the prosecuting officer in criminal
cases.

The _marshal_ is the executive and ministerial officer of the court,
with duties similar to those of a sheriff.

The Supreme Court of the United States appoints a _reporter_, who
reports--that is, edits and publishes--its decisions. This court also
appoints its own _marshal_. The decisions of the district court are
reported by the Judge, or by an attorney under the judge's sanction.
Each court appoints a clerk, who keeps a record of its proceedings;
gives a history of each case; notes all orders, decisions, and
judgments; has charge of all money paid; and keeps and fixes the seal
of the court.

The circuit courts of appeals appoint their own marshals and clerks.
The duties of these officers are similar to those performed by the
marshal and clerk of the Supreme Court. The circuit courts of appeals
have no reporters.

SUGGESTIVE QUESTIONS.

1. Who is chief justice of the United States, and of what State is he a
citizen?

2. Why should a judge hold his position during a long term of years?

3. This State is a part of what United States circuit?

4. What justice represents this circuit in the supreme court?

5. Who is judge of the United States district court of this district?

6. Why can no person bring suit against the United States except by
special act of Congress?

QUESTION FOR DEBATE.

_Resolved_, That the jury system should