eal from their decision can be taken
directly to the Supreme Court.

If the circuit and district judges desire, they may retire upon full
pay at the age of seventy, after ten years of consecutive service.

COURT OF CUSTOMS APPEALS.--The customs court consists of a chief judge
and four associate judges. It decides disputes over the rates of duty
payable on imported goods. It holds sessions both at Washington and in
other cities.

COURT OF CLAIMS.--The court of claims holds its sessions at Washington,
and consists of a chief justice and four associate justices. It hears
and determines claims against the United States. No one could bring
suit against the national government without permission from Congress;
but a person having a claim against it may submit the claim to the
court of claims for trial, and, if the claim is declared to be legal
and just, it is almost always paid by act of Congress.

OTHER COURTS.--The _District of Columbia_ has six supreme court
justices and three justices of a court of appeals. Their jurisdiction
is similar to that of the United States district courts and circuit
courts of appeals, but is confined to the District of Columbia.

_Territorial courts_ consist of a chief justice and two associate
justices, who hold their offices for a term of four years, unless
removed by the President. A territorial court holds its sessions in
the Territory for which it is constituted, and has jurisdiction of
cases arising under the laws of Congress and the laws passed by the
territorial legislature.

Appeals are taken from the courts of the District of Columbia and from
the territorial courts to the supreme court of the United States.

A United States commissioner's court consists of a commissioner
appointed by the judge of the district court. The chief duties of this
court are to arrest and hold for trial persons charged with offenses
against the United States, and to assist in taking testimony for the
trial of cases. A judge of a State court or a justice of the peace may
act as United States commissioner, but while engaged in such duties he
is an officer of the United States, and not of the State.

TERM OF SERVICE.--Justices of circuit courts, district courts, the
customs court, the court of claims, the courts of the District of
Columbia, and of the territorial courts, are appointed by the President
and confirmed by the Senate. The justices of these courts, except of
the territorial courts, h