17-July 9 ... 168
Report of the Audiencia on the conduct of Tello. Antonio
de Morga, and others; Manila, July 15 ... 183

Documents of 1599

Letter to the archbishop of Manila. Felipe III; Valencia,
March 1 ... 189
Letter from the bishop of Nueva Segovia to the king. Miguel
de Benavides; Tulac, May 17 ... 190
Letter to Joan de Ibarra. Miguel de Benavides; Afulu,
May 22 ... 198
Missions of the religious orders. Geronimo de Alearas;
Manila, June 28 ... 204
Military affairs in the islands. Francisco Tello, and
others; Manila, July 12 ... 207
Letter to the king. Francisco Tello; Manila, July 12
... 245
Ordinances enacted by the Audiencia of Manila: Francisco
Tello, and others; Manila, June, 1598-July, 1599 ... 293
_(To be concluded.)_

Bibliographical Data ... 317

Illustrations

Autograph signature of Ignacio de Santibanez, first archbishop
of Manila; photographic facsimile from MS. in Archivo general de
Indias, Sevilla ... 159
Autograph signature of Francisco Tello; photographic facsimile
from MS. in Archivo general de Indias, Sevilla ... 177

Preface

The present volume covers the years 1597-99, and is mainly occupied
with the details of the Philippine colony's internal affairs
and development Mindanao has been conquered, but proves to be an
unprofitable possession, except that the Spanish garrison there
serves as a check on the piratical Moros, who otherwise would harry
the Pintados Islands. Japanese pirates have menaced Luzon, and the
Chinese immigration needs frequent restriction. In the colony there
is much corruption in official circles and inaction and inefficiency
in the military. The new governor relates his efforts to improve the
condition of the city and administer the affairs of the islands;
but he is accused, especially by the ecclesiastics, of immorality
and tyrannical behavior, and of general unfitness for his office. The
Indians are oppressed in various ways; and some mutinies among them
have been suppressed. Formal submission to the Spanish crown is
required from the Indians; but this proves difficult to enforce. They
need more missionaries, who are to be sent. The usual discords between
the secular and ecclesiastical authorities still e