8 White ash | 1,046 | 1,121 | 1,000 | 1,017 |
| 9 Beech | 942 | 1,012 | 897 | 918 |
| 10 Sugar maple | 937 | 992 | 918 | 901 |
| 11 Rock elm | 910 | 954 | 883 | 893 |
| 12 Hackberry | 799 | 829 | 795 | 773 |
| 13 Slippery elm | 788 | 919 | 757 | 687 |
| 14 Yellow birch | 778 | 827 | 768 | 739 |
| 15 Tupelo | 738 | 814 | 666 | 733 |
| 16 Red maple | 671 | 766 | 621 | 626 |
| 17 Sycamore | 608 | 664 | 560 | 599 |
| 18 Black ash | 551 | 565 | 542 | 546 |
| 19 White elm | 496 | 536 | 456 | 497 |
| 20 Basswood | 239 | 273 | 226 | 217 |
| | | | | |
| Conifers | | | | |
| | | | | |
| 1 Longleaf pine | 532 | 574 | 502 | 521 |
| 2 Douglas fir | 410 | 415 | 399 | 416 |
| 3 Bald cypress | 390 | 460 | 355 | 354 |
| 4 Hemlock | 384 | 463 | 354 | 334 |
| 5 Tamarack | 384 | 401 | 380 | 370 |
| 6 Red pine | 347 | 355 | 345 | 340 |
| 7 White fir | 346 | 381 | 322 | 334 |
| 8 Western yellow pine | 328 | 334 | 307 | 342 |
| 9 Lodgepole pine | 318 | 316 | 318 | 319 |
| 10 White pine | 299 | 304 | 294 | 299 |
| 11 Engelmann pine | 266 | 272 | 253 | 274 |
| 12 Alpine fir | 241 | 284 | 203 | 235 |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------|
| NOTE.--Black locust and hickory are not included in this table, |
| but their position would be near the head of the list. |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------|

Tests for either form of hardness are of comparative value only.
Tests for indentation are commonly made by penetrations of the
material with a steel punch or ball.[16] Tests for abrasion are
made by wearing down wood with s