hose who are
not directly employed upon the land. Profits are, in reality, a surplus,
as they are in no respect proportioned (as intimated by the Economists)
to the wants and necessities of the owners of capital. But they take a
different course in the progress of society from rents, and it is
necessary, in general, to keep them quite separate.]

[Footnote 10: According to the calculations of Mr Colquhoun, the value
of our trade, foreign and domestic, and of our manufactures, exclusive
of raw materials, is nearly equal to the gross value derived from the
land. In no other large country probably is this the case. P. Colquhoun,
Treatise on the wealth, power, and resources of the British Empire, 2nd
ed. 1815, p. 96. The whole annual produce is estimated at
about 430 millions, and the products of agriculture at about 216
millions.]

[Footnote 11: To the honour of Scotch cultivators, it should be
observed, that they have applied their capitals so very skilfully and
economically, that at the same time that they have prodigiously
increased the produce, they have increase the landlord's proportion ot
it. The difference between the landlord's share of the produce in
Scotland and in England is quite extraordinary--much greater than can be
accounted for, either by the natural soil or the absence of tithes and
poor's rates. See Sir John Sinclair's valuable An account of husbandry
in Scotland, (Edinburgh) not long since published--works replete with
the most useful and interesting information on agricultural subjects.]

[Footnote 12: See Evidence before the House of Lords, given in by Arthur
Young. p. 66.]

[Footnote 13: In all our discussions we should endeavour, as well as we
can, to separate that part of high price, which arises from excess of
currency, from that part, which is natural, and arises from permanent
causes. In the whole course of this argument, it is particularly
necessary to do this.]

[Footnote 14: It will be observed, that I have said in a progressive
country; that is, in a country which requires yearly the employment of a
greater capital on the land, to support an increasing population. If
there were no question about fresh capital, or an increase of people,
and all the land were good, it would not then be true that corn must be
sold at its necessary price. The actual price might be diminished; and
if the rents of land were diminished in proportion, the cultivation
might go on as before, and the same quanti