92;
this was removed in 1112 to Barnwell, where the chapel dedicated to St
Andrew the Less is practically the sole remnant of its buildings. In
1224 the Franciscans came to Cambridge, and later in the same century a
number of other religious orders settled here, such as the Dominicans,
the Gilbertines and the Carmelites, who had before been established at
Newnham. Students were gradually attracted to these several religious
houses, and Cambridge was already recognized as a centre of learning
when, in 1231, Henry III. issued a writ for its governance as such,
among other provisions conferring certain disciplinary powers on the
bishop of Ely. It soon became evident that the influence of the
religious orders on those who came to them for instruction was too
narrow. This was recognized elsewhere, for it was in order to counteract
that influence that Walter de Merton drew up the statute of governance
for his foundation of Merton College, Oxford, a statute which was soon
afterwards used as a model by Hugh de Balsham, bishop of Ely, when, in
1281-1284 he founded the first Cambridge college, Peterhouse.

The friction between town and university, due in the main to the
conflict of their jurisdictions, the tradition of which, as in the
sister university, died hard in the annual efforts of some
undergraduates to revive the "town and gown" riots, culminated during
the rebellion of Wat Tyler (1381) in an episode which is alone worthy of
record and may serve to illustrate the whole. This was an attack by the
rabble, instigated, it is said, by the more reputable townspeople, on
the colleges, several of which were sacked. The attack was ultimately
defeated by the courage and resource of Henry Spenser or Le Dispencer,
bishop of Norwich. The relations of the university of Cambridge with the
crown were never so intimate as those of Oxford. Henry III. fortified
the town with two gates, but these were burnt by the rebellious barons;
and in much later times the two first of the Stuart kings, and the two
first of the Georges, cultivated friendly personal relations with the
university. During the civil war the colleges even melted down their
plate for the war chest of King Charles; but Cambridge showed little of
the stubborn royalism of Oxford, and submitted to the Commonwealth
without serious resistance.

Colleges.

The history of collegiate foundation in Cambridge after that of
Peterhouse may be followed through the ensuing descriptio