orgian or New Jerusalem) Theological School
(1866) are other educational institutions of importance. To Cambridge
also, in 1908, was removed Andover Theological Seminary, a
Congregational institution chartered in 1807, opened in Andover,
Massachusetts, in 1808 (re-incorporated under separate trustees in
1907). This seminary is one of the oldest and most famous theological
institutions in the United States; it grew out of the theological
teaching previously given in Phillips Academy, and was founded by the
widow of Lt.-Governor Samuel Phillips, her son John Phillips and Samuel
Abbot (1732-1812). The instruction was strongly Calvinistic in the
earlier period, but the seminary has always been "equally open to
Protestants of every denomination." Very liberal aid is given to
students, and there is no charge for tuition. The _Bibliotheca Sacra_,
founded in 1843 by Edward Robinson and in 1844 taken over by Professors
Bela B. Edwards and Edwards A. Park, and the _Andover Review_
(1884-1893), have been the organs of the seminary. In 1886 some of its
professors published _Progressive Orthodoxy_, a book which made a great
stir by its liberal tone, its opposition to supernaturalism and its
evident trend toward the methods of German "higher criticism." Legal
proceedings for the removal of five professors, after the publication of
this book, failed; and their successful defence helped to secure greater
freedom in thought and in instruction in American Presbyterian and
Congregational theological seminaries. The seminary is now affiliated
with Harvard University, though it remains independent and autonomous.

Cambridge is a typical New England city, built up in detached
residences, with irregular streets pleasantly shaded, and a considerable
wealth of historic and literary associations. There are many reminders
of the long history of Harvard, and of the War of Independence.
Cambridge was the site of the camp of the first American army, at the
outbreak of the war, and from it went the detachment which intrenched on
Bunker's Hill. Here are the Apthorp House (built in 1760), in which
General Burgoyne and his officers were lodged as prisoners of war in
1777; the elm under which, according to tradition, Washington took
command of the Continental Army on the 3rd of July 1775; the old Vassall
or Craigie House (1759), where Washington lived in 1775-1776, and which
was later the home of Edward Everett, Joseph E. Worcester, Jared Sparks
and (183