rians, and in 1692 by the French.

CALYDON ([Greek: Kalydon]), an ancient town of Aetolia, according to
Pliny, 7-1/2 Roman m. from the sea, on the river Euenus. It was said to
have been founded by Calydon, son of Aetolus; to have been the scene of
the hunting, by Meleager and other heroes, of the famous Calydonian
boar, sent by Artemis to lay waste the fields; and to have taken part in
the Trojan war. In historical times it is first mentioned (391 B.C.) as
in the possession of the Achaeans, who retained it for twenty years, by
the assistance of the Lacedaemonian king, Agesilaus, notwithstanding the
attacks of the Arcarnanians. After the battle of Leuctra (371 B.C.) it
was restored by Epaminondas to the Aetolians. In the time of Pompey it
was a town of importance; but Augustus removed its inhabitants to
Nicopolis, which he founded to commemorate his victory at Actium (31
B.C.). The walls of Calydon are almost certainly to be recognized in the
Kastro of Kurtaga. These comprise a circuit of over 2 m., with one large
gate and five smaller ones, and are situated on a hill on the right or
west bank of the Euenus. Remains of large terrace walls outside the town
probably indicate the position of the temple of Artemis Laphria, whose
gold and ivory statue was transferred to Patras, together probably with
her ritual. This included a sacrifice in which all kinds of beasts, wild
and tame, were driven into a wooden pyre and consumed.

See W.M. Leake, _Travels in N. Greece_, i. p. 109, iii. pp. 533 sqq.;
W.J. Woodhouse, _Aetolia_, pp. 95 ssq. (E. Gr.)

CALYPSO, in Greek mythology, daughter of Atlas (or Oceanus, or Nereus),
queen of the mythical island of Ogygia. When Odysseus was shipwrecked on
her shores, Calypso entertained the hero with great hospitality, and
prevailed on him to remain with her seven years. Odysseus was then
seized with a longing to return to his wife and home; Calypso's promise
of eternal youth failed to induce him to stay, and Hermes was sent by
Zeus to bid her release him. When he set sail, Calypso died of grief.
(Homer, _Odyssey_, i. 50, v. 28, vii. 254; Apollodorus i. 2, 7.)

CAM (CAO), DIOGO (fl. 1480-1486), Portuguese discoverer, the first
European known to sight and enter the Congo, and to explore the West
African coast between Cape St Catherine (2 deg. S.) and Cape Cross (21
deg. 50' S.) almost from the equator to Walfish Bay. When King John II.
of Portugal revived the work of H