r the submersion of vines. The climate is characterized
by hard winters and scorching summers. Rain falls in torrents, but at
considerable intervals. The mistral, blowing from the north and
north-west, is the prevailing wind. The south-eastern portion of the
Camargue is known as the Ile du Plan du Bourg. A secondary delta to the
west of the Petit Rhone goes by the name of Petite Camargue.

CAMARINA, an ancient city of Sicily, situated on the south coast, about
17 m. S.E. of Gela (Terranova). It was founded by Syracuse in 599 B.C.,
but destroyed by the mother city in 552 for attempting to assert its
independence. Hippocrates of Gela received its territory from Syracuse
and restored the town in 492, but it was destroyed by Gelon in 484; the
Geloans, however, founded it anew in 461. It seems to have been in
general hostile to Syracuse, but, though an ally of Athens in 427, it
gave some slight help to Syracuse in 415-413. It was destroyed by the
Carthaginians in 405, restored by Timoleon in 339 after its abandonment
by Dionysius's order, but in 258 fell into the hands of the Romans. Its
complete destruction dates from A.D. 853. The site of the ancient city
is among rapidly shifting sandhills, and the lack of stone in the
neighbourhood has led to its buildings being used as a quarry even by
the inhabitants of Terranova, so that nothing is now visible above
ground but a small part of the wall of the temple of Athena and a few
foundations of houses; portions of the city wall have been traced by
excavation, and the necropolis has been carefully explored (see J.
Schubring in _Philologus_, xxxii. 490; P. Orsi in _Monumenti dei
Lincei_, ix. 201, 1899; xiv. 756, 1904). To the north lay the lake to
which the answer of the Delphic oracle referred, [Greek: mhae kinei
Kamarinan], when the citizens inquired as to the advisability of
draining it.

CAMBACERES, JEAN JACQUES REGIS DE, duke of Parma (1753-1824), French
statesman, was born at Montpellier on the 18th of October 1753. He was
descended from a well-known family of the legal nobility (_noblesse de
la robe_). He was designed for the magistracy of his province; and in
1771, when for a time the provincial parlement was suppressed, with the
others, by the chancellor Maupeou, he refused to sit in the royal
tribunal substituted for it. He continued, however, to study law with
ardour, and in 1774 succeeded his father as councillor in the court of
accounts and finances of his