d editions. Among
modern biographies are those by P. Henry, _Das Leben J. Calvins_ (3
vols., Hamburg, 1835-1844; Eng. trans, by H. Stebbing, London and New
York, 1849); V. Audin, _Histoire de la vie, des ouvrages, et des
doctrines de Calvin_ (2 vols., Paris, 1841; Eng. trans, by J. McGill,
London, 1843 and 1850) unfairly antagonistic; T.H. Dyer, _Life of John
Calvin_ (London, 1850); E. Stahelin_, Joh. Calvin, Leben und
ausgewahlte Schriften_ (2 vols., Elberfeld, 1863); F.W. Kampschulte,
_Joh. Calvin, seine Kirche und sein Staat in Genf_ (2 vols., 1869,
1899, unfinished); Abel Lefranc, _La Jeunesse de Calvin_ (Paris,
1888); E. Choisy, _La Theocratie a Geneve au temps de Calvin_ (Geneva,
1897); E. Doumergue, _Jean Calvin; les hommes et les choses de son
temps_ (5 vols., 1899-1908). See also A.M. Fairbairn, "Calvin and the
Reformed Church" in the _Cambridge Modern History_, vol. ii. (1904);
P. Schaff's, _History of the Christian Church_, vol. vii. (1892), and
R. Stahelin's article in Hauck-Herzog's _Real-encyk. fur prot.
Theologie und Kirche._ Each of these contains a useful bibliography,
as also does the excellent life by Professor Williston Walker, _John
Calvin, the Organizer of Reformed Protestantism_, "Heroes of the
Reformation" series (1906). See also C.S. Horne in _Mansfield Coll.
Essays_ (1909). (W. L. A.; A. J. G.)

FOOTNOTES:

[1] The family name of Calvin seems to have been written
indifferently Cauvin, Chauve, Chauvin, Calvus, Calvinus. In the
contemporary notices of Gerard and his family, in the capitular
registers of the cathedral at Noyon, the name is always spelt Cauuin.
The anagram of Calvin is Alcuin, and this in its Latinized form
Alcuinus appears in two editions of his _Instltutio_ as that of the
author (Audin, _Vie de Calvin_, i. 520). The syndics of Geneva
address him in a letter written in 1540, and still preserved, as
"Docteur Caulvin." In his letters written in French he usually signs
himself "Jean Calvin." He affected the title of "Maitre," for what
reason is not known.

[2] Pierre de Montaigu refounded this institution in 1388. Erasmus
and Ignatius Loyola also studied here.

[3] Calv. _Praef. ad Comment. in Psalmos._

[4] _Jo. Calvini Vita, sub init._

[5] _Epist. Ded., Comment in Ep. II. ad Corinthios praefix._

[6] This edition forms a small 8vo of 514 pages, and 6 pages of
index. I