tain and France. They found the country in the military
occupation of France. The French officers, who stated that their
presence was due to the measures rendered necessary by the ravages of
Rabah and his sons, withdrew their troops into French territory. The
shores of Lake Chad were first reached by a German military force on the
2nd of May 1902. In 1904 and again in 1905 there were native risings in
various parts of the protectorate. These disturbances were followed,
early in 1906, by the recall of the governor, Herr von Puttkamer, who
was called upon to answer charges of maladministration. He was succeeded
in 1907 by Dr T. Seitz. Collisions on the southern border of the
protectorate between French and German troops led in 1905-1906 to an
accurate survey of the south and east frontier regions and to a new
convention (1908) whereby for the straight lines marking the frontier in
former agreements natural features were largely substituted. Germany
gained a better outlet to the Sanga river.

The ascent of the Cameroon mountain was first attempted by Joseph
Merrick of the Baptist Missionary Society in 1847; but it was not till
1861 that the summit was gained, when the ascent was made by Sir Richard
Burton, Gustav Mann, a noted botanist, and Senor Calvo. The
starting-point was Babundi, a place on the seashore west of the
mountain. From the south-east the summit was reached by Mary Kingsley in
1895.

See Mary H. Kingsley, _Travels in West Africa_ (London, 1897); Sir R.
Burton, _Abeokuta and the Cameroons Mountains_ (2 vols., London,
1863); E.B. Underhill, _Alfred Saker ... A Biography_ (London, 1884);
Sir H.H. Johnston, _George Grenfell and the Congo ... and Notes on the
Cameroons ..._ (London, 1908); Max Buchner, _Kamerun Skizzen und
Betrachtungen_ (Leipzig, 1887); S. Passarge, _Adamaua_ (Berlin, 1895);
E. Zintgraph, _Nord-Kamerun_ (Berlin, 1895); F. Hutter, _Wanderungen
und Forschungen im Nord-Hinterland von Kamerun_ (Brunswick, 1902); F.
Bauer, _Die deutsche Niger-Benue-Tsadsee-Expedition_, 1902-1903
(Berlin, 1904); C. Rene, _Kamerun und die deutsche Tsadsee Eisenbahn_
(Berlin, 1905); O. Zimmermann, _Durch Busch und Steppe vom Campo bis
zum Schari, 1892-1902_ (Berlin, 1909); also British Foreign Office
Reports. For special study of particular sciences see F. Wohltmann,
_Der Plantagenbau in Kamerun und seine Zukunft_ (Berlin, 1896); F.
Plehn, _Die Kamerunkuste, Studien zur Klimatologie, Physi