sard and pastor of the desert, published by Vielles (1883);
Bonnemere, _Histoire de la guerre des Camisards_ (1859). Two popular
works are--F. Puaux, _Histoire populaire de la guerre des Camisards_
(1875); Anna E. Bray, _The Revolt of the Protestants of the Cevennes
with some Account of the Huguenots of the Seventeenth Century_
(London, 1870). (F. Px.)

FOOTNOTE:

[1] This curious affair provoked a lengthy controversy, which is
described in "La Relation historique de ce qui s'est passe a Londres
au sujet des prophetes camisards" (_Republique des Lettres_, 1708),
in the study of M. Vesson, _Les Prophetes camisards a Londres_
(1893), and also in the book _Les Prophetes cevenols_, ch. iii.
(1861) by Alfred Dubois.

CAMOENS [CAMOES], LUIS VAZ DE (1524-1580), the prince of Portuguese
poets, sprang from an illustrious and wealthy family of Galician origin,
whose seat, called the castle of Camoens, lay near Cape Finisterre. His
ancestor, the poet Vasco Pires de Camoens, followed the party of Peter
the Cruel of Castile against Henry II., and on the defeat of the former
had to take refuge along with other Galician nobles in Portugal, where
he founded the Portuguese family of his name. King Fernando received him
well, and gave him posts of honour and estates, and though the master of
Aviz sequestered some of these and Vasco lost others after the battle of
Aljubarrota, where he fought on the Spanish side, considerable
possessions still remained to him. Antao Vaz, the grandfather of Luis,
married one of the Algarve Gamas, so that Vasco da Gama and Camoens, the
discoverer of the sea route to India and the poet who immortalized the
voyage in his _Lusiads_, were kinsmen. Antao's eldest son Simao Vaz was
born in Coimbra at the close of the 15th century, and married Anna de Sa
e Macedo, who bore him an only son, Luis Vaz de Camoens; thus the poet,
like his father and grandfather, was a _cavalleiro fidalgo_, that is, an
untitled noble.

Four cities dispute the honour of being his birthplace, though Lisbon
has the better title; and there is a like dispute about the year, which,
however, was almost certainly 1524. The poet spent his childhood in
Coimbra, where his father owned a property, and made his first studies
at the college of All Saints, designed for "honourable poor students,"
and there contracted friendships with noblemen like D. Goncalo da
Silveira and his brother D. Alvaro, who wer