triumph in the "results of
machinery," we must not repine if one of those results be the paralysis
of the imaginative faculties of the human mind.'

Of all the application of mechanical means to effect the purposes of
art, their contrast, with the operations of the hand, is as the
stiffness and weight of death, compared with life, freedom, and
vitality.

LIGHT AND SHADE.

----Shadows, to-night,
Have struck more terror to the soul of Richard
Than can the substance of ten thousand soldiers
Armed in proof.

THE inexhaustible and unceasingly varying beauties of art begin to
develope themselves most when the study of Light and Shade commences;
and the student is amply recompensed for the time he has devoted to
obtaining a knowledge of correctness in outline. It is now that he sees
Nature with other and improved vision--with clearer conceptions of her
character--in her sunny and joyous revellings, as in her vast and awful
sublimity.

Drawing gives form; Colour, its visible quality; and Light and Shade,
its solidity.

If the necessary form of a figure, or any other object, be not agreeable
to the eye, its whole appearance may be so _altered_ by a skilful
management of its light and shade, as to become at once the contrary by
judicious arrangement.

In arranging the light and shade of a sketch I intend to paint, I
usually take a piece of grey, or neutral paper, place the highest light
at some point of sufficient interest (for the high light in a picture
always seems to say, 'Come and look at me, to see what I am about!') and
gradually lead it away, diffusing its rays, as it were, into the half
light, or the half shade, and so on, until it is wholly lost in the
darkest point; then, with white paint, or chalk, proceed to mark all
the _immaterial_ lights, on parts of the figures, or other objects, as
they occur in the design, as conductors of the more luminous one, into
the shade, as repeats, to prevent its singleness of appearance,
gradating until they are carried out of the work; like light 'collected
to a focus by a lens, and emitting rays,' as in _plate 2_. The judgment
being principally exerted in judiciously placing the repeats, one, or
more, of these lesser lights must, of necessity, be of the _same colour_
as the principal.

Sudden transitions, by producing _too much effect_, the lights being
_too_ light, and the darks too dark, produce a hard