a religious murder, when a Muhammadan fanatic kills a Christian
or Hindu for the sake of religion.

Ghazi = the fanatic who commits ghaza.

Grihasta = the second stage in the life of a devout Hindu, when
he marries a wife, begets children, and carries on his profession
or trade.

Guru = a religious preceptor or guide among Hindus or Sikhs.

H.

Hakim = a ruler, an executive officer.

Hakim = a native doctor, who practises on Western or Hippocratic lines.

Halwa = a kind of sweet pudding, very popular with the Afghans.

Hazrat 'Esa = the Muhammadan appellation for our Lord Jesus Christ.

Hujra = a guest-house, where travellers are accommodated in Afghan
villages. It differs from chauk in that it is more specialized for
the use of travellers, while the latter is more for the use of the
village folk.

I.

'Id = a Muhammadan feast-day. There are two chief feasts--the
"'Id-el-fitr," or day following the fast-month of Ramazan, and the
"'Id-el-zoha" or "'Id-el-bakr," which is the Feast of Sacrifice,
in memory of Abraham's would-be sacrifice of his son.

Izzat = honour: a word constantly in an Afghan's thoughts and
conversation, but which even he is not always able to define.

J.

Jirgah = a council of the tribal elders. This may be appointed by
the tribesmen themselves to settle some dispute, or in British India
it may be appointed by the civil officer to help in deciding some
judicial case.

K.

Kafir = an infidel. Strictly, only one who does not believe in God
and the prophets, but loosely applied to all non-Muslims.

Kalamullah = the Word of God. Comprises, according to Muhammadan
teaching, four books--the Law (Tauret), the Psalms (Zabur), the Gospel
(Injil), and the Quran.

Kalima = the Muhammadan creed: "There is no God but God, and Muhammad
is the prophet of God." The recitation of this is the recognized way
of declaring one's self a Muhammadan.

Kanal = a measure of land--one-eighth of an acre.

Karma = works. According to Hindu philosophy, a man's reincarnation
depends on the character and amount of his karma.

Karnal = the Afghan corruption of "colonel."

Khan = a lord, a chief; an honorific title in Afghanistan, or merely
part of a man's name.

L.

Lashkar = an army; often applied in Afghanistan to a small body of
men going out from a tribe for warlike purposes, but they may be
going for peaceful purposes--hence the English "lascar."

M.

Malik = in Afghanistan the he