alty of sin is hatred of self, which continues until entrance
into the kingdom of heaven.[33]

The Theses are formulated with continual reference to the
statements of the indulgence-preachers, and of the Instruction to
the Commissaries issued under the name of the Archbishop of
Mainz. [34] For this reason there is little logical sequence in
the arrangement of the Theses, and none of the attempts to
discover a plan or scheme underlying them has been
successful.[35] In a general way it may be said that for the
positive views of Luther on the subjects discussed, Theses 30-37
and 41-51 are the most vital, while Theses 92-95 are sufficient
evidence of the motive which led Luther to make his protest.

5. Conclusion--The editors of this Translation present herewith a
new translation of the Theses, together with three letters, which
will help the reader to understand the mind of Luther at the time
of their composition and his motive in preparing them. The first
of these letters is that which was sent, with a copy of the
Theses, to Albrecht of Mainz. The second and third are addressed
respectively to Staupitz and Leo X., and were written to
accompany the "Resolutions," [36] an exhaustive explanation and
defense of the Theses, published in 1518, after the controversy
had become bitter.

6. Literature--(a) _Sources_. The source material for history of
indulgences is naturally widely scattered. The most convenient
collection is found in Koehler, _Dokumente zum Ablassstreit_,
Tubingen, 1900. For the indulgences against which Luther
protested, see, beside the Editions of Luther's Works, Kapp,
_Schauplatz des Tetselischen Ablass-Krams_, Leipzig, 1720;
_Sammlung einiger zum pabstlichen Ablass gehorigen Schriften_,
Leipzig, 1721; _Kleine Nachlese zur Erlauterung der
Reformationsgeschicte_, Leipzig, 1730 and 1733; also Loescher,
_Vollstandige Reformationsacta_, I, Leipzig, 1720

(b) _Secondary Works_. Beside the general works in Church History
and History of Doctrine, see the Lives of Luther, in German
especially those of Kostlin-Kawerau, Kolde, Berger and Hausrath;
in English those of Beard, Jacobs, Lindsay, Smith and McGiffert;
also Boehmer, _Luther im Lichte der neueren Forschung_, ad ed.,
Leipzig, 1910.

On the indulgences in their relation to the Sacrament of Penance,
H, C. Lea, History of Confession and Indulgence, especially Vol.
III, Philadelphia, 1896; Brieger, _Das Wesen des Ablasses am
Ausgang des Mittelalters_, Leizi