nstruct, in the Faculties in
which they have deserved to be adorned with a Master's chair, all
those who come from all sides,--we decree, by this present
letter, that whoever of our University in the aforesaid city
shall have been examined and approved by those through whom,
under Apostolic authority, the right to lecture is customarily
bestowed on licentiates in said faculties, according to the
custom heretofore observed there,--and who shall have from them
license in the Faculty of Theology, or Canon Law, or Medicine, or
the Liberal Arts,--shall thenceforward have authority to teach
everywhere outside of the aforesaid city, free from examination
or test, either public or private, or any other new regulation as
to lecturing or teaching. Nor shall he be prohibited by anyone,
all other customs and statutes to the contrary notwithstanding;
and whether he wishes to lecture or not in the Faculties
referred to, he shall nevertheless be regarded as a Doctor.[50]

(f) _Privileges granted by a Municipality_

Not infrequently mediaeval cities granted special privileges to
universities and their members. These cities recognized the commercial
and other advantages resulting from the presence of a large body of
students within their gates, and made substantial concessions to retain
them, or to secure the settlement of a university which might be
migrating from some other city. Instances of the latter kind are
numerous in the free cities of Italy. These privileges included very
ample legal jurisdiction by the Rector of the university in cases
affecting scholars, payment of professors' salaries by the city,
exemption from taxes, loans to scholars at a low rate of interest, and
guarantees against extortionate prices for food and other necessaries.

1. The following examples are cited, among many others in the statutes
of the city of Padua:

The town of Padua binds itself to make loans to scholars,
according to the quality of the scholars, upon good and
sufficient securities or bonds worth a third more than the loan,
and upon the oath and promise of the scholars that they accept
the loan on their own account and for their own use in meeting
their personal expenses and not for any other person or persons
or for the use of others. (1260 A.D.)

Every six months the Chief Magistrate of Padua shall appoint two
mone