they do not. The phrase, "_men
labouring_," conveys no other idea than that of _labourers at work_; it no
more suggests the _time_, than the _place, degree_, or _manner_, of their
work. All these circumstances require _other words_ to express them; as,
"Men _now here awkwardly_ labouring _much_ to little purpose." Again:
"_Thenceforward_ will men, _there_ labouring _hard_ and _honourably_, be
looked down upon by dronish lordlings."

OBS. 2.--Participles retain the _essential meaning_ of their verbs; and,
_like verbs_, are either _active-transitive, active-intransitive, passive_,
or _neuter_, in their signification. For this reason, many have classed
them with the verbs. But their _formal meaning_ is obviously different.
They convey no affirmation, but usually relate to nouns or pronouns, _like
adjectives_, except when they are joined with auxiliaries to form the
compound tenses of their verbs; or when they have in part the nature of
substantives, like the Latin gerunds. Hence some have injudiciously ranked
them with the adjectives. The most discreet writers have commonly assigned
them a separate place among the parts of speech; because, in spite of all
opposite usages, experience has shown that it is expedient to do so.

OBS. 3.--According to the doctrine of Harris, all words denoting the
_attributes_ of things, are either verbs, or participles, or adjectives.
Some attributes have their essence in motion: as, _to walk, to run, to fly,
to strike, to live_; or, _walking, running, flying, striking, living_.
Others have it in the privation of motion: as, _to stop, to rest, to cease,
to die_; or, _stopping, resting, ceasing, dying_. And there are others
which have nothing to do with either motion or its privation; but have
their essence in the quantity, quality, or situation of things; as, _great_
and _small, white_ and _black, wise_ and _foolish, eastern_ and _western_.
These last terms are adjectives; and those which denote motion or its
privation, are either verbs or participles, according to their formal
meaning; that is, according to their manner of attribution. See _Hermes_,
p. 95. Verbs commonly say or affirm something of their subjects; as, "_The
babe wept_." Participles suggest the action or attribute without
affirmation; as, "_A babe weeping_,"--"_An act regretted_."

OBS. 4.--A verb, then, being expressive of some attribute, which it
ascribes to the thing or person named as its subject; of time, which it
divides