espect of policy not
to general control, but the control of the class they were created to
serve.

That ideal can only be realized fully when all industries are organized.
But we should work towards it. Parliament may act as a kind of guardian
of the unorganized, but, once an industry is organized, once it has
come of age, it must resent domination by bodies without the special
knowledge of which it has the monopoly within itself. It should not
tolerate domination by the unexpert outsider, whatever may be his repute
in other spheres. It is only when industries are organized that
the democratic system of election can justify itself by results
in administration. When a county, let us say, chooses a member of
Parliament to represent every interest, only too often it chooses a
man who can represent few interests except his own. The greatest common
denominator of the constituents is as a rule some fluent utterer of
platitudes. But if the farmers in a county, or the manufacturers in
a county, or the workers in a county, had each to choose a man to
represent them, we may be certain the farmers would choose one whom they
regarded as competent to interpret their needs, the manufacturers a man
of real ability, and labor would select its best intelligence. Persons
engaged in special work rarely fall to recognize the best men in their
own industry. Then they judge somewhat as experts, whereas they are
by no means experts when they are asked to select a representative
to represent everybody in every industry. To secure good government I
conceive we must have two kinds of representative assemblies running
concurrently with their spheres of influence well defined. One, the
supreme body, should be elected by counties or cities to deal with
general interests, taxation, justice, education, the duties and rights
of individual citizens as citizens. The other bodies should be elected
by the people engaged in particular occupations to control the policy
of the State institutions created to foster particular interests. The
average man will elect people to his mind whose deliberations will be in
a sphere where the ideas of the average man ought to be heard and must
be respected. The specialists in their department of industry will elect
experts to work in a sphere where their knowledge will be invaluable,
and where, if it is not present, there will be muddle.

The machinery of government ought never to be complicated, and ought
to be easily